Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Bob Orskov
International Feed Resources Unit, United Kingdom
Keynote: Feed resource management
Time : 10:35-11:00
Biography:
Professor Ørskov has worked with many international organisations including FAO, IAEA, DFID EU and ILRI in project identification and evaluation in the area of feed resource management and rural development with emphasis on livestock nutrition. He worked for many years at the Rowett Research Institute in Aberdeen and more recently in the James Hutton Institute Aberdeen.The International Feed Resource laboratory provided appropriate training to support the projects. . He has worked in many countries in Asia, including Indonesia, Mongolia, China, India, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Syria, Iran and Turkey. In Africa including Egypt, Tunisia,Cameroon Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria and Ghana, in South America including Cuba, Peru, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Chile and also in Eastern Europe including Poland, Czeck Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. He has published 5 books and author or co-author of over 600 scientific papers and popular articles on nutrition and feed resource management.
Abstract:
Project identification and evaluation in the area of feed resource management and rural development with emphasis on livestock nutrition
Keynote Forum
Edir N. Silva
World Poultry Science Association, Brazil
Keynote: New advances on feed additives (probiotics and prebiotics) to replace antibiotics as growth promoters
Time : 09:05-09:30
Biography:
Edir completed his PhD in 1978 from State University of Sao Paulo (USP), Brazil. Postdoctoral studies from University of Massachusetts, USA. Lectured on ,diseases of poultry food hygiene and safety on poultry products. Retired as full professor. He has published more than 50 papers in reputed journals. Founder in 1981 of the Brazilian Poultry Science and Technology Foundation - FACTA (www.facta.org.br), a nonprofit association, that organizes an Annual Poultry Conference, training courses, seminars, has published several technical teaching books, and a Brazilian Poultry Science Journal. Since that time he has been on the Facta's executive committee. FACTA hosted the World Poultry Congress in 2012, and he became the President of the World's Poultry Science Association (2012-16). As an entrepreneur he established a poultry vaccine company, a poultry diagnostic laboratory, and a Probiotic/Prebiotic company.
Abstract:
For many decades Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGP) have been traditionally used worldwide in sub-therapeutic levels to counter microbial infections in poultry, improving their performance. But due to public health concern on the overall increase in antimicrobial resistance, the use of AGP is either restricted or out rightly banned in several countries. Thus, alternatives to AGP have been searched and developed. Among the candidates for replacement, Probiotics and Prebiotics have the most widespread acceptance at this time. Probiotics are mono or mixed cultures of live microorganisms, which include beneficial effect on the host by improving the properties of the indigenous microflora in the gut. Killed bacteria cultures as well as bacterial metabolites have been included in the definition. Prebiotics are generally defined as non-digestible polysaccharides and oligosaccharides that can positively affect the animal organism by stimulating the activity and growth of beneficial native bacteria in the gastrointestinal rntract and eliminate the pathogenic ones. Thus, serve as substrate for beneficial bacteria. Lactose, mannanoligosaccharide (MOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), yeast cell wall parts are the most recognized Prebiotics for poultry. Their beneficial effects are enhanced when Prebiotics are used simultaneously with Probiotics in the form of Symbiotics. Significant variability still exists in their effectiveness. This presentation will review the use of Probiotics and Prebiotics as AGP alternatives, the potential mechanism of their action, and discuss some recent data on the effects of these supplements in poultry nutrition.rn
- Track 1: Livestock Track 2: Livestock Nutrition Track 3: Livestock Disease and Management Track 6: Sheep
Session Introduction
Abd Al-Bar Al-Farha
The University of Adelaide, Australia
Title: Subclinical mastitis caused by Mycoplasma-like bacteria in in dairy cattle in South Australia
Biography:
Abd Al-Bar Al-Farha has completed his Bachelore and Master degree in veterinary science from The University of Mosul and he is currently a PhD student at The University of Adelaide, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, South Australia. He is a lecturer at The North Technical college in Iraq. He has two published paper.
Abstract:
The elevation of somatic cell counts SCC in affected quarters reflects the possibility of infection and is the standard method to discriminate between healthy and mastitis-infected cows. A total of 368 milk samples at cow level were collected from a single dairy farm located near Mount Gambier, South Australia. The farm had a history of chronic mastitis with poor response to antimicrobials and an increasing number of cows with high SCC. Most cows appeared clinically normal at the time of sample collection. A conventional microscopic culture method was used to detect Mycoplasma spp. Individual cow yield production parameters (e.g. volume, fat and protein percentage) and SCC for sampled and non-sampled cows was obtained by means of herd testing information. The effect of mastitis (Mycoplasma spp or undifferentiated was compared to the rest of the herd (assumed to be without mastitis) using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The SCC showed significant difference between sampled cows and the remainder of the herd. However, no significant difference was observed between cows with Mycoplasma spp. caused or undifferentiated mastitis. Milk production was significantly affected being 33.5±0.2 and 29.9±0.5 L/cow/day in cows with mastitis and the rest of the herd. The non-significant difference observed between Mycoplasma spp. induced mastitis and undifferentiated mastitis in this study, likely reflected the similarity in the influence of these pathogens on SCC. Correspondingly, milk yield was similarly affected by Mycoplasma spp.-like bacteria and undifferentiated pathogens. These findings point the importance of the detection of these bacteria amongst other common mastitis pathogens.
Najafgholi Dabiri
Islamic Azad University, Karaj , Iran
Title: Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels at fixed slaughter weight on performance and carcass characteristics of Arabi fattening lambs
Biography:
Dr Najafgholi Dabiri has completed his PhD at the age of 42 years from Massey University, New Zealand in 1994 andhad a subbatical leave in Cornell University in 2000. He has published more than 50 papers in Persian and English journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Agriculture in Faculty of Chamran University. He had several Administration activities in Chamran and Ramin Agricultural and Natural ResourcesUniversities and now is professor of Animal Science in Islamic Azad University , Karaj Branch.
Abstract:
Dr Najafgholi Dabiri has completed his PhD at the age of 42 years from Massey University, New Zealand in 1994 andhad a subbatical leave in Cornell University in 2000. He has published more than 50 papers in Persian and English journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of Journal of Agriculture in Faculty of Chamran University. He had several Administration activities in Chamran and Ramin Agricultural and Natural ResourcesUniversities and now is professor of Animal Science in Islamic Azad University , Karaj Branch.
Mark Barnett
Charles Sturt University, Australia
Title: Changing how they eat – influencing digestive physiology and metabolism by diet in livestock
Biography:
Mark completed his PhD at the University of New England in ruminant physiology and nutrition investigating the impact of digestive physiology on methane production and nutrient utilisation in sheep. He then undertook a senior research fellowship assessing the effectiveness of a novel biological compound, designed to regulate key gut kinetic regulators, in mitigating methane production and improving nutrient uptake from ruminants. Mark has since developed a new technique for determining faecal concentrations of non-absorbable digesta kinetic and digestibility markers in sheep and cattle.Currently he is the Lecturer of Animal Nutrition at Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga.
Abstract:
How is that two identical animals can eat the same diet yet have different production outcomes? Much of the answer lies in the animal’s digestive physiology – its ability and mechanisms to digest, absorb and metabolise the diet consumed. Digestion, absorption and the motility of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are all controlled by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms designed to obtain the maximum nutritional benefit from the diet consumed. Some of these neurocrine and endocrine mechanisms are regulated from secondary tissues like the liver, pancrease and hypothalamus. Many more though are locally controlled through autocrine and paracrine secretions, focusing directly on the functioning of the GIT. It has long been known that dietary regulation and supplementation is capable of manipulating the regulation of the digestive physiology in livestock. The addition and extraction of key components of an animal’s diet can have a profound effect on its ability to digest and absorb nutrients, impacting greatly on the animal’s production performance. The purpose of this review is to investigate the neurocrine and endocrine regulators of digestive physiologyand how they can be influenced by dietary manipulation to provide a greater production outcome.
Silvia Denise Peña Betancourt
Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico
Title: The Mycotoxins contamination in corn silage from dairy farms in Mexico
Biography:
Silvia Denise Peña Betancourt, is Veterinarian, Master of Science by UNAM-FMVZ, Toxicology Specialist Clinic for faculty Medicine Alexis Carrel and Docteur by the Pharmaceutical science Faculty by Claude Bernard University. She works as a research professor at UAM-X, since 1991 to date. Toxicology laboratory responsible at department of Agricultural and Animal Production in UAM-X. She has written more than 30 research papers in National and International journals, is member of National Council of Animal Health, and has published books and chapter books in toxicology.
Abstract:
Corn silage is the main forage available in the whole dairy cattle rations around the world; which can undergo a deterioration by the presence of fungi mainly Aspergillussp, Penicilliumsp and Fusarium sp. and their mycotoxins, with the loss of their nutritional value, commitment in health and animal production and public health. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of three mycotoxins in corn silage from three dairy farms located in Central region in Mexico. A total of twelve samples of corn silage, were collected. It was made a sampling at three levels of trench silo, upper, middle and edge was performed in duplicate. It was determined the physical forage quality using the particle size and pH parameters. Mycotoxins multiple technique by Aflatoxins, OcratoxinA(OA) and Zearalenone (ZEA) was used in thin layer (TLC) to determine the presence of mycotoxins. The physical quality results showed variations in dry matter content, with a lost half 15.78%, particle size upper to 5 cm, and pH in a range of 5.2-5.9. The pH founded it was ideal for the synthesis of mycotoxins, it was detected the simultaneous presence of type B aflatoxins (AFB1) and G (Aflatoxin G1), OA and ZEA in the upper layer and edge of the horizontal silo (trench silo). It is concluded that corn silage from two farms don´t fulfill the physical quality and that all contain multiple mycotoxins. It is recommended to monitor the toxicological quality corn silage prior to administration to cattle.
Bukola Babatunde
Fiji National University, Fiji
Title: Nutritional evaluation of whole root and tuber crops as livestock feed
Biography:
BukolaBabatunde completed her PhD degree in Poultry Nutrition in 1999 from University of Ibadan, Nigeria and another PhD in Animal Nutrition and Immunity in 2009 from La Trobe University Australia. She worked at Institute of Agricultural Research & Training, ObafemiAwolowo University, Moor PlantationasResearch Fellow in pig improvement programmes and as SeniorLecturer in Animal Science at Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Research & Training.She is currentlyAssociate Professor and Head of Department of Animal Husbandryat Fiji National University.She has published more than 40 papers in reputed journals and she is a member of editorial and review board of reputable international journal.
Abstract:
The aim of the study is to investigate nutritional value of root and tuber crops as livestock feed resources. Fresh unpeeled Irish potatoes (P), sweet potatoes (SP), cassava (CA), yam (YA) and dalo (DL) purchased from the market were washed and cut into smaller pieces. The cut pieces were sub-divided into three equal parts. One part was analysed as fresh samples, while remaining parts was sundried (SU) and ovendried. The ovendried and sundried samples were milled into meal using an electric grinder. Fresh, ovendried and sundried samples were analysed for moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, crude fibre and soluble carbohydrate fractions. The experiment was designed as 5 x 3 factorial experiment and data expressed on as fed basis. Fresh root and tuber crops has comparative low DM contents (DL > YM > CS > SP > P) compared to those processed by sundrying and oven drying. Generally, the results showed that the two processing methods enhance (P < 0.05) nutritive value of root and tuber crops compared to fresh samples. Sun drying is more effective (P < 0.05) in raising NFE contents of root and tuber crops than oven drying. There were significant differences (P > 0.05) in DM between different root and tuber crops processed by two methods, although both processing methods have no effect on potato DM content. However, oven drying improved (P < 0.05) DM of SP, YM and DL, while sun drying improved (P < 0.05) DM content of cassava only. The protein contents of root and tuber crops were enhanced (P < 0.05) when processed but there were no significantly differences (P > 0.05) between protein contents of sundried and oven dried root and tuber crops. Sun drying improves (P < 0.05) crude fibre of root and tuber crop samples than oven drying.
Fon Fabian Nde
University of Zululand, South Africa
Title: The effect of microbial consortia from wild herbivores on goat rumen fibrolytic activity and browse fermentation
Biography:
Fon is a PhD (ruminant Nutrition) graduate from the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), South Africa and currently working as a lecturer at the University of Zululand (UZ) after serving two years a Post doctorate Researcher at UNIZULU and UZ. I am a member of the South African Society of Animal Science, Golden Key International Honour Society and EAAP. My researched is focused on improving forage digestion in ruminants especially with potential fibrolytic microbes from wild herbivores. We have succeeded in identifying some microbial ecosystems of higher fibrolytic potential that may possibly improve digestion in domesticated ruminant.
Abstract:
Acacia species are often recommended as a protein supplement during the long try season or winter because they are often available and maintain their protein content throughout the year. However, acacia species or browses are often limited by their high tannin concentrations which are also detrimental to fibrolytic microbes hence decrease in digestibility especially in domesticated goats. Therefore this study evaluated the effect of in vitro inocula from wild herbivores (impala, kudu and giraffe) on in vitro fermentation, gas production and cellulases activities of domestic goats. Consortia were created by mixing faecal inoculum from impala, giraffe and kudu with that of goat (N1 (goat + impala, 1:1), N2 (goat + kudu, 1:1), N3 (goat + giraffe+ kudu, 1:1:1) and N4 (goat + giraffe + kudu + impala, 1:1:1:1)). Crude protein enzyme extracts (CPZ) from fresh faecal samples were precipitated by 60% ammonium sulphate and assayed for exocellulase, endocellulase and hemicellulase activities by incubating with crystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and xylan at 38℃ with optimum pH of 5.5 to 6.5 for 1, 2, and 48 h, respectively. In vitro degradability was carried out by transferring 33 ml of faecal inoculum into 67 ml salivary buffer containing 1 g of acacia sieberiana and 10% tannin (substrate 6.2% was made up to 10% by adding 100μL containing 3.8 mg tannic acid) before incubating for 72 h at 38℃. Apparent degradability (APD), true degradability (TD), neutral detergent fibre digestibility (NDFdeg), acid detergent fibre digestibility (ADFdeg), cellulose digestibility (CELLdeg), hemicellulose digestibility (HEMdeg) and MY were calculated. Manipulation of goat enzyme activities with enzymes from the wild had a positive (P<0.05) influence on goat fibre degradability. Xylanase and endocellulase activities were highest (P<0.05) in N1 while N4 showed the highest exocellulase activity. Microbial ecosystem N3 had the highest (P<0.05) TD, NDFdeg and ADFdeg while N1 showed the highest degradability for hemicellulose and cellulose. Microbial yield also varied among the microbial ecosystems but was highest for N2, goat and N4. It was concluded that microbial activities from wild herbivores might have introduced new microbes that were able to survive on goat ecosystem and improve its fibrolytic potentialin vitro. These results showed that microbial ecosystem from wild herbivores have a potential to improve browse utilization in domestic goat.
Dalmeida Lucas O
Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Nigeria
Title: Replacement of maize with cassava flour as an alternative source of energy in the diet of african mud catfish Clarias gariepinus (burchell 1822) fingerlings
Biography:
DALMEIDA LUCAS is a lecturer in the department of Agricultural Education, Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education, Otto/Ijaninikin, Lagos State, Nigeria. He has Master Degree in Fishieries and Aquatic Biology and currently pursuing is PhD in the same field in Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.
Abstract:
A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of cassava flour as an alternative source of energy in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 300 fingerlings of average weight 3.01g were randomly distributed into five treatments, each treatment had three replicates. Twenty fingerlings were distributed into each bucket of 50 liters, which was filled with 40 liters of water. Five diets containing 35% crude protein were formulated in which maize was replaced with cassava flour meal at different level: Diet 1 (100% cassava), Diet 2 (75% cassava), Diet 3 (50% cassava), Diet 4 (25% cassava) and Diet 5 (0% cassava) which serves as the control diet. They were fed at 5% body weight per day for 10weeks. The results showed that cassava flour was suitable as an alternative source of energy in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Diet 3 (50% cassava) has the highest mean followed by Diet 4 (25% cassava), Diet 5 (0% cassava), Diet 2 (75% cassava) and Diet 1 (100% cassava) respectively. There were no significant differences. (P>0.05) in the growth response of Clarias gariepinus. It is therefore concluded that cassava flour is a cheap source of non-conventional energy source which could be successfully used to replace maize (50% inclusion levels) as an energy source in the diets of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings.
Marefa Jahan
Charles Sturt University, Australia
Title: Concentration and Distribution of Sialic Acid in Sow Milk During Lactation
Biography:
Marefa Jahan is a PhD student in School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia. She is in final year of her PhD and is working for better health and nutrition of the livestock.
Abstract:
Sialic acids (Sia), a family of 9-carbon acidic sugar molecules, are key monosaccharide units of brain gangliosides and glycoproteins and a major component of sialylated glycotope in human milk. Human milk Sia has been proposed as a bioactive compound promoting immune function, gut maturation and neurodevelopment of the newborn. Porcine milk however, has received little attention. The aims of the present study were to quantify and compare the levels of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N- glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and ketodeoxynonulpsonic acid (KDN) in oligosaccharide, glycoprotein and glycolipid in sow milk during course of lactation. Milk samples from 22 sows were collected by manual expression on 3 occasions, day 1 (colostrum), day 3 (transition milk) and day 15-21 (mature milk) respectively. The concentration of Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and KDN were analyzed using UHPLC. The results showed that sow milk contained significant amounts of Sia with the highest concentration found in colostrum (1238.50 mg/L) followed by transition milk (778.32 mg/L) and then mature milk (347.21 mg/L). Most of the Sia in sow milk was conjugated to glycoproteins (41-46%), free oligosaccharides (31-42%) and then glycolipid (12-28%) throughout the course of lactation. Neu5Ac was the major form of Sia (93-96%) and then Neu5Gc (3-6%), KDN however contained as little as 1-2%. This distribution was common to each milk fraction and to each time point in lactation. In conclusion, porcine milk contains a rich source of sialylated glycan in the forms of glycoproteins, free oligosaccharides and glycolipids. The high concentrations of Sia in porcine milk suggest that Sia is an important nutrient that may contribute to the optimization of immune function, neurodevelopment and growth and development of piglets.
A K Thiruvenkadan
Mecheri Sheep Research Station, India
Title: Nutrigenomics in livestock: Emerging face of molecular nutrition to improve animal health and production
Biography:
Prof.A.K.Thiruvenkadan completed his PhD in Animal Genetics and Breeding at the age of 40 years from Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and actively involved in teaching and research in the field of Animal Production. He is the Professor and Head of Mecheri Sheep Research Station, Pottaneri, Tamil Nadu, India (afflicted to Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai) and involved in research activities related to animal nutrition and animal genetics. He presented several invited papers in the national and international conferences and has published more than 75 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of scientific journals.
Abstract:
Nutrition and health are closely linked, but despite decades of study, the intricate interactions between diet and many aspects of human and animal health is poorly understood. The advent of high-throughput technologies to study an animal's genome, proteome, and metabolome constituted a setback to the use of reductionism in livestock research. More recent development of "next-generation sequencing" tools was instrumental in allowing in-depth studies of the microbiome in the rumen and other sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Omics, along with bioinformatics, constitutes the foundation of modern systems biology to enhance understanding of the complex biological interactions occurring within cells and tissues at the gene, protein, and metabolite level. Genomic revolution has propelled the development of several new technologies that can be applied in nutritional sciences. Molecular nutrition in terms of nutrigenomics will serve as a new tool for nutritional research in mitigating the problems related to animal health and production. The innovations in nutrition research with use of various molecular technologies will indubitably update our basic understanding of nutrient gene interrelationship and help to define new methods for managing animal production. Finally by targeting the specific gene through nutritional manipulation, it may be possible to get the desired livestock performance in terms of health as well as production. I present examples of new knowledge generated through the application of functional analyses of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic data sets encompassing nutritional management of dairy cows, pigs, and poultry. Published work to date underscores that the integrative approach across and within tissues may prove useful for fine-tuning nutritional management of livestock. An important goal during this process is to uncover key molecular players involved in the organismal adaptations to nutrition.
Muhammad Shoaib Tufail
Charles Sturt University, Australia
Title: Impacts of using improved seed of Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) on forage quality, yields and net income of smallholder dairy farmers
Biography:
Currently, undertaking PhD at Charles Sturt University to develop village-based forage seed enterprises for the smallholder farmers of Pakistan in collaboration with ACIAR and ICARDA. Prominent in leading a forage “think tank” meeting in Pakistan to establish forage research priorities. Also working as Research Assistant in a Meat and Livestock Australia project, on developing an understanding of the photosensitisation in sheep caused by Biserrula. Worked with the Pakistan Dairy Development Company as Regional Manager (2011), and established model farms at the village level which then used to educate the farming communities. Worked with Uardry Merino stud (2010) and with the farming communities of Australia to develop my skills in precision agriculture, dairy, sheep and beef enterprises. Also completed a post-graduate certificate from CSU. Worked with DairyNZ (2009) and learned about management techniques and develop farm management strategies.
Abstract:
A field study was conducted with smallholder dairy farmers of Kasur and Okara districts of Punjab, Pakistan during winter season 2012-2014 to determine the effects of using improved variety seed against conventional seeds on forage quality, dry matter (DM) and seed yields of annual Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.). Farmer participatory research approach was used for on-farm varietal selection and evaluation. Seed rate of 20kg/ha was broadcasted in standing water as farmer’s standard sowing method, while all the other agronomic practices were kept constant except harvesting time across all sites. Three different seed sources of Berseem clover were used for this purpose; comprised of farmer own-saved seed (FS), market seed (MS) and the research station seed (RS). Two forage cuts were taken from each treatment plot after 65 and 110 days after sowing (DAS) and the subsequent forage cuts then left to flower after 110, 150, 180 and 210 DAS for seed production as Treatment one (T1), Treatment two (T2), Treatment three (T3) and Treatment four (T4), respectively. Harvesting time of 150 DAS (T2) with three forage cuts produced excellent forage and seed yields per hectare of all seed sources across all research sites. The research station seed at all research sites produced significantly higher yields of DM (6.59 t/ha) and seed (420 kg/ha) under the agro-climatic conditions of Kasur and Okara districts. Moreover, improved variety seed produced high quality forage having crude protein (26.8%), dry matter digestibility (68.3%) and metabolisable energy (14.1%). The study demonstrates that small-holder farmers can earn significant net income of PKR. 221, 688 Rs/ha (3,079A$/ha) from commercial forage seed production provided that the germplasm is of high quality.
Shouqun Jiang
Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Title: Effects Of Dietary Threonine Levels On Laying Perfomance,Offspring Traits And Its Regulation Of Embryo Expressions Ofptor And Tdh In Chinese Yellow-Feathered Broiler Breeder Hens
Biography:
Shouqun Jianghas completed her PhDfrom Zhejiang University and visiting scholar from Iowa State University School of Life and Animal Science. She is theleader of chicken nutrition research team, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P.R.China. She has published more than 15papers of broilernutritionin reputed journals.
Abstract:
The effects of dietary threonine (Thr)levels on performance, offspring traits,embryo protein deposition in broiler breeder hens was investigated. A total of 720Lingnan yellow-feathered broiler breeder hens were randomly divided into 1 of 6 dietary treatments with 6 replicates per treatment (20 birds per replicate). The hens were fed either the basal diet (Thr 0.38%) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.00%, 0.12%, 0.24%, 0.36%, 0.48% and 0.60% Thrfrom 29w to 38w. The results showed that Thrsupplementation produced quadratic positive responses in laying rate. Hatchability was higher in breeders fed 0.12% and 0.24%Thr than those of control birds (P<0.05). Dietary supplemental Thr had significant effects on expressions of mucin 2 (MUC2) in duodenum, colon and uterus, and ZO-1 in duodenum of hens (P<0.05). In chick embryo at embryonic age 18, there were significant upregulations of dietary Thr levels onthe transcripts of liver and breast musclepoultry target of rapamycin, thigh threonine dehydrogenase, duodenum and ileumaminopepridase (P<0.05), but no effects on MUC2expression of duodenum and ileum (P>0.05).Chick livability and serum uric acid nitrogen concentration were increased,and liver glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity was decreased by dietary Thrsupplementation (P<0.05).It concludedthat there were positive effects of addingThr on laying production of breeder hens and offspring performance, and this was associated with the regulations of gene expressions related to amino acid transportation and protein desposition. The optimal dietary Thrsupplemental level was 0.298% or 0.388 g/d for broiler breeders.
Himmatul Khasanah
Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia
Title: Influence of SNPs in Myostatin Promoter Gene to growth and Muscling Traits in Bali Cattle
Biography:
Himmatul Khasanah has completed Undergraduate degree at the age of 2 years from Bogor Agricultural University. Now, I continuing my master degree at Bogor Agricultural University
Abstract:
Improvement of genetic qualities in Bali cattle can be done by selection based on genetic marker. MSTN (Myostatin) gene is known as an inhibitor or negative regulator of muscles development in embryogenesis and myogenesis. Mutation of this gene caused double muscling characteristic in cattle and it was identified has significant associated with some growth traits in cattle, sheep, pigs and mice. A total 48 Bali cattle from Bali cattle breeding centre was screened to identified genetic polymorphisms in MSTN promoter region by using direct-sequencing method (GenBank: AF348479.1). The weights and bodies measurement of Bali cattle were collected at 12 months. The muscling traits were evaluated by using ultrasound veterinary scanner at frequency 6.5 Hz and 130 mm of deep. The polymorphic SNPs in this region were 23 SNPs (g.-8495C>T, g.-8455A>C, g.-8444G>A, g.-8428A>G, g.8361G>A, g.-8350A>G, g.-8313A>G, g.-8254T>G, g.-8223C>T, g.-8313A>G, g.-8.184C>A, g.-8173A>G, g.-8161C>T, g.-8158C>A, g.-8144T>C, g.-8141G>C, g.-8124T>C, g.-8098C>T, g.-8087C>G, g.-8086C>T. Based on statistical analyses, SNPs g.-8444G>A, g.-8428A>G, g.8361G>A, g.-8313A>G and g.-8313A>G were significantly associated with ultrasound back fat thickness. SNP g.-8.184C>A and g.-8087C>G was significantly associated with ultrasound rump thickness and ultrasound longissimus dorci thickness (P≤0.05) respectively. This result showed that SNPs in MSTN gene could be suggested as good marker for muscling traits in Bali cattle.
Mario Reinoso Pérez
Central University “Marta Abreu†of Las Villas, Cuba
Title: A-SLPT- Agroforestry: A viable alternative to achieve sustainable livestock production in the Tropics
Biography:
Born in Cuba (1959). Graduated as a Zootecnician Engineer from the Central University of Las Villas (1989). Specialist in Ruminant Nutrition and Management by the Institute of Animal Science of Havana (1992). Bachelor of Science in Tropical Agriculture from the "Larenstein" International Agricultural College, the Netherlands. Ph.D. in Veterinary Sciences (2000). Training in Agricultural Research for Development by ICRA-Wageningen, the Netherlands (2003). Professor & Researcher at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Expert in Agroforestry, Rural Development, Environmental Management Systems and Project Formulation, with more than 20 years’ teaching experience in Animal Production Systems, Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Agroforestry.
Abstract:
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potentialities of Agroforestry for a sustainable livestock production, with emphasis on those modalities where tree resources provide goods and services, whether in woodlands or off-forest (trees outside forest) agroecosystems, under Cuban conditions. Findings come from on-farm research conducted by several Cuban institutions and carried out in different degraded agroecosystems (state-owned and –managed farms) devoted to milk, beef and timber production. Silvopastoral systems in grass-legume associations, legume protein banks and forest/fruit plantations together with alley cropping for forage production have been the most studied. All these agroforestry alternatives have in common: (i) not use of irrigation and chemical fertilizers, (ii) grazing with different number of paddocks and stocking rate, and (iii) the use local genotypes of small and large ruminants. Agroforestry has immense potential to support animal feeding and productivity. Many are long-term research results and many more are local experiences that have been developed for over 30 years, not only in Cuba but also en Africa, South Asia and Latin America. Unfortunately, their spread has not been satisfactory and, consequently, the potential of Agroforestry has not been effectively exploited. Agroforestry systems exemplify major opportunities for productivity enhancement, especially with ruminant livestock. The nature of livestock trees interactions is variable and the benefits of the positive effects are not yet recognized by farmers, technician, extension workers and policy makers. However, Agroforestry constitute a viable alternative to achieve sustainable livestock production.
Gitam Singh
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, India
Title: Impact of Stages of Lactation on the Minerals of Jakhrana Goat Milk under field and farm rearing condition
Biography:
Gitam Singh has completed his Ph D at the age of 33 years from Dr. B.R. Ambekar University, Agra. Now he is working as scientist-Animal Science at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tonk, Rajasthan, a premier agricultural technology extension service center of Indian Council of Agriculture Research, New Delhi. He has published more than 32 research papers in reputed journals, 29 articles, 2 books and 42 times media coverage in national print media and has been serving as an editorial board member of Indian Society of Genetics and Biotechnology Research. He has organized 2 international conferences as convener in India with about to 500 participants from 22 countries
Abstract:
The study was conducted at the central institute for research on goats, Makhdoom, Mathura; under the division nutrition feed resources and products technology for the study of farm rearing condition. Milk samples were collected from Jakhrana goat under the farm and field rearing condition. Field samples were collected from different villages. The overall average calcium content was 0.146±0.0019 per cent. Phosphorus percentage in the milk of Jakhrana goat breed under field and farm rearing conditions in early, middle and late lactation 0.122±0.0011 and 0.124±0.0010 and 0.124±0.0012 and 0.126±0.0011 and 0.126±0.0010 and 0.128±0.0011 per cent, respectively. The potassium content in the milk of Jakhrana goat breed under field and farm rearing samples in early, middle and late lactation was 0.112±0.0006 and 0.113±0.0009, 0.111±0.0009 and 0.112±0.0008 and 0.110±0.0009 and 0.111±0.0008 per cent, respectively. The overall average magnesium per cent in all above samples either field or farm rearing conditions in all stage of lactation was 0.0146±0.00015. Chloride content in Jakhrana goat breed indicated that the effect of stage of lactation under field and farm rearing condition was found to be 0.100±0.00058 and 0.103±0.00050 and 0.104±0.00059 and 0.107±0.00054 and 0.114±0.00061 and 0.114±0.00054 in early, middle and late lactation, respectively. The selenium percentage in the milk of Jakhrana goat breed under field and farm rearing conditions in early, middle and late lactation was found to be 0.01681±0.000053 and 0.01641±0.000058, 0.01695±0.000055 and 0.01666±0.000060 and 0.01709±0.000057 and 0.01690±0.000060, respectively. The overall average selenium content was a 0.01667±0.000058. Stages of lactation had conspicuous effects on milk quality of goats under study.
Biography:
He is awarded PhD in Animal Production Department from College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University. He holds a Master Degree (MSc) in Animal Production and by a Bachelor’s Degree Veterinary Science and Animal Production
Abstract:
This study evaluated the effect of dietary Cr supplementation on apparent mineral retention in camel calves reared under hot summer conditions. This study were conducted on 15 male camel calves (5 – 6 months old) during hot summer conditions. The animals were divided into three equal groups, 5 animals each, and were housed individually under shelter. During the experimental period (12 weeks) camel calves were fed ad libitum on total mixed ration (TMR) without Cr supplementation, TMR supplemented with 0.5mg Cr/kg DM or TMR supplemented with 1.0mg Cr/kg DM. A metabolic trial for a period of 8 days conducted after 12 weeks of dietary treatments to estimate trace minerals balances. Chromium intake, retention, and digestibility were influenced by dietary chromium (P<0.05), however, dietary supplementation of Cr did not effect) p>0.05) on chromium excretion. Copper digestibility and retention were substantially reduced when 0.5 mg Cr/kg DM added to diet. The retention and digestibility of Fe increased with supplementation of Cr (p<0.05). Zn digestibility significantly decrease with supplementation of Cr up to0.5 mg/kg DM (p<0.05). Plasma Cr level was found not significant higher in 1 mg/kg fed calves. However, plasma concentration of Cu, Zn, and Fe was found tended to decrease with supplementation Cr (p>0.05).
Biography:
Nazik Eisa has completed her PhD in Animal Science
Abstract:
Forty eight Sudan desert lambs were used in a-2month fattening trial to evaluate the effect of natural gastro-intestinal parasitic infection on fattening performance of old (2 years) and young (milk teeth) lambs fed iso-nitrogenous high (12.24 MJ/kg) high and low (10.35 MJ/kg) energy diets. Average daily gain, final body weight and total body weight gain showed a significantly (P< 0.001) high differences. Infection along with low energy played a very important role resulting the worst performance plus high mortality. Significant differences were recorded in slaughter weights, the highest one was that of old lamb group, treated for internal parasites and given high energy diet (39.67kg). It was 40.76% higher than the lowest treatment group which was the young infected given low energy diet. Empty body weight, dressing percentage and muscle percentage were (P< 0.05) higher in the treated groups. carcass weight, carcass characteristics, whole sale cuts, loin composition. No significant differences concerning evaporation ratio, Meat physical and chemical attributes plus non carcass components except for alimentary tract fill and full rumen (P< 0.01). Significant differences in carcass characteristics were recorded, carcass weight of old lambs treated for internal parasites and given high energy diet was 9.86% higher than their counterpart left naturally infected. Both hot and cold empty body weights and dressing percentages were greatly affected by internal parasitic infection and dietary energy level. The best dressing percentage was for the old lamb group treated for internal parasites and offered high energy diet which was 56.59% (based on empty body weight) while that of old infected group fed low energy diet was only 44.13%. Carcass and wholesale cuts yields were not significantly affected. Muscle percentage was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in the treated groups whether given high or low energy diet than their counter part contr. Gut and rumen fills increased significantly (P< 0.01) in the low energy groups whether treated or left naturally infected, but they were higher in the treated groups. Foregut fill percentage of the treated low energy group was 24.97% while their counterpart control group was 15.97%. Physical and subjective meat quality attributes and meat chemical compositions were not significantly affected. Postmortem of slaughtered and dead lambs revealed severe damage of the internal organs. Parasitic infection decreased in 25% of the infected lambs and no egg shed was detected, however 25% of the infected lambs died and fifty percent of the lambs remained infected until the end of the experiment. Weekly evaluation of blood glucose level revealed no significant differences between treatments. Margin percent of sales of old lamb group that was treated for internal parasites and fed high energy diet was 23.80% while that of old group of lambs that was left naturally infected and fed low energy diet lost 10.18% of their total cost. Although the group of young lambs treated for internal parasites and given high energy diet came in the second rank in term of performance, but they achieved the best profit (5.7%) more than the profit of group of old lambs treated for internal parasites and given high energy diet because they consumed less dry matter. Due to the intensification of dairy herds and the recognition of clinical and subclinical infections with a negative impact on performance as disease, study of the effect gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in Sudan desert sheep is becoming urgent. The objectives of this paper are to review the aspects related to the effect of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes regarding feedlot performance and carcass characteristics taking in consideration age and dietary energy level and blood glucose level.
Abdur rahman
The University of Agriculture, Pakistan
Title: Livestock Breed and Age effects on the Fatty Acids Profiles of Mutton produced in the terrorist affected areas of Khyber Pakhuntunkhwa- Pakistan
Biography:
Abdur Rahman has completed B.Sc (Hons) and M.Sc (Hons) with distinction from Agriculture university and has completed PhD from Aberdeen University UK. He is the youngest Head of Livestock Management Department, The Uni of Agriculture Peshawar. He has published more than 26 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.Expert in High land animal production and efficient resources management
Abstract:
Meat has become a point of concern in public health management due to availability of lipids, as a source of cardiac diseases. Present study was conducted to investigate the effect of breed and age on the fatty acid profilein the raw mutton of sheep breeds (Balkhi and Waziri) and goatsbreed (Beetal crosses, Local dessi, Berbery and Teddy crossbreds). The age group comprised of young juvenile and mature animals. A total of seventy two mutton samples were collected for the two age groups of the aforementioned breeds, from the pre-identified animals at local abattoir in Peshawar. Fatty acid profile was studied through GC-MASS in PCSIR labs Peshawar. Barbery Goats contain relatively higher fatty acids (FA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) than Balkhisheep mutton. Within sheep, mutton of Balki contained higher content FA, SFA, MUFA and PUFA than Waziri. Oleic acid (C18:1c) and Linoleic acid (C18:2c) was found greater in Balkhi (4.17±0.80 and 0.27±0.05 g/100g) respectively than Waziri (2.67±0.41and 0.17±0.03 g/100g). Similarly the meat of Local dessi goats contained highest proportion of Omega-6 and Omega-3in Local dessi goats. Young adult animals due to better grazing opportunity yielded higher content of Omega 3 and 6 Fatty acid Present study recommended the usage of balki sheep and local desi goats mutton for better human health as compared to other breeds.
Biography:
He is awarded PhD in Animal Health and Veterinary Sciences from AH and Vet Sciences Agricultural University. He holds a Master Degree (MSc) in Animal Health, followed by a Bachelor’s Degree Veterinary Science and Animal health.
Abstract:
Thermal stress affects the fertility of high producing dairy cattle, badly. This study was conducted to compare Holstein Frisian (HF), cross-bred and indigenous dairy cattle (Sahiwal and Achai) in terms of effects of ambient temperature on HSP-70 expression, serum P4, glucose and cortisol concentrations and follicular number during the diestrus period of the estrous cycle. Thirty six multiparous lactating dairy cows with normal cyclicity comprising nine cows from each breed of Sahiwal, Achai, cross-bred and HF were selected in two state farms in Peshawar located at 34.0° N, 71.6° E. Blood sampling was conducted at an average ambient temperature of 18°C (thermoneutral) in February, 32°C (thermal transitional) in April and 42°C (thermal stress) in late June. Rectal ovarian ultrasonography was performed to determine follicular dynamics. Thermal stress increased concentrations of glucose (P < 0.05), cortisol (P < 0.001), HSP-70 (P < 0.001) and number of follicles (P < 0.01), while decreased progesterone (P < 0.01) in all four breeds beyond 32°C; however, Achai cows resisted elevation of HSP-70 levels with the increasing ambient temperature up to 32°C. As the ambient temperature increased to 32 °C and 42°C, a notable elevation was observed in the first four parameters while progesterone concentrations were decreased. Positive correlation was found between level of glucose, cortisol and HSP-70 with the rise in ambient temperature while progesterone concentrations related negatively with the changing temperature. The number of follicles related positively with ambient temperature, cortisol, HSP-70 and blood glucose and negatively with progesterone concentrations. It is concluded that thermal stress elevated concentration of HSP-70 associated with enhanced concentration of glucose, cortisol and number of follicles. Progesterone concentration provided a good indication of fertility and related negatively with the thermal stress; however, the number of follicles may be considered as a negative indicator of fertility due to lack of a dominant follicle. The indigenous dairy breeds resisted heat stress better than the exotic and crossbred cows indicating that the later are more susceptible to heat stress than the former breeds.
Holy Zanu
College of Agriculture Education, Ghana
Title: Evaluation of Lysine + Methionine (1.5:1)as dietary supplements to enhance the performance of 36week old laying Pearl Guinea Fowls (Numidameleagris)
Biography:
Holy KwablaZanu is a Senior Lecturer at the University of Education, Winneba, College of Agriculture Education, where he has taught since 2009. He received his BSc. in Agriculture Technology and M.Sc. in Animal Nutrition and Management from University for Development Studies and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science Technology respectively. He also holds Diploma in Education. Outside of the lecture room, Holy has conducted several on-farm experiments with pig and poultry farmers. His research interests are primarily concerned with the nutrition and management of poultry and socio-economic factors affecting pig and poultry production in Ghana. He has published over 13 papers in refereed journals.
Abstract:
A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of diets supplementation with lysine + methionine (1.5:1) on the performance of 36-week old laying Pearl Guinea Fowls. The crystalline Lysine + Methionine were incorporated at the levels of 0, 0.25, and 0.5 kg per 100 kg diet. One hundred and twenty Guinea Fowls (NumidaMeleagris)layers were randomly assigned to the three dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD). Each treatment had forty birds with ten birds per replicate. The initial average liveweight of birds from each replicate was 1.5 kg. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Data collected included feed intake, growth rate and egg production. The cost of feed was also calculated. Feed intake, Feed Conversion Ratio, Hen-day and Hen-house egg production, Egg Mass, Haugh Unit and shell thickness of birds on the treatment groups with the two levels of amino acids were not different (p>0.05) from those on the control. Growthhowever declined when the amino acids were added at the level of 0.5 kg. The addition of amino acids to the test treatments did not result in any appreciable increase (p>0.05) in cost of feed.