2^nd International Conference on Livestock Nutrition July 21-22, 2016 Brisbane, Australia

Y. H. Moon has completed his PhD in ruminant nutrition at the age of 31 years from GNU in Korea and works in the university as a professor for 20 years. He has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.

A hundred twenty six Hanwoo steers (8-9 month of age) were used to know the correlation between blood composition and carcass traits. Steers fed the formula feed and rice straw (30 heads) or total mixed rations (96 heads) and were slaughtered at 30 month of age. Blood samples were corrected from jugular vein at the growing (8-12mo), early fattening (13-23mo) and late fattening (24-30mo) phases. Blood metabolites and hormones were analyzed and determined the correlation coefficients and regression equations with carcass traits. Average concentrations of retinol, insulin and leptin were 1.10IU, 30.34ng and 235.35ng per ml of blood plasma, respectively, and blood retinol has negative correlations significantly(P<0.01) with insulin and leptin. With the age of steers, blood insulin and total protein decreased, but blood retinol, AST, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride were increased. At the late fattening phase, significant(P<0.01) negative correlations occurred between blood retinol concentration and marbling score, and also blood total protein and longissimus muscle area of 13th rib, and obtained the regression equations as follows; rnMarbling score (1-9) = -0.009×Retinol (IU/100 ml) +9.125(R2 = 0.643)rnRib eye muscle area (㎠) = -0.250×AST (U/L) + 112.498 (R2 = 0.450)rnFrom the results obtained in the current study, it might be possible to make a high marbled beef by control the blood retinol content during the fattening phase in steers. rn

Author of the abstract worked as Principal scientist in Dairy Cattle Physiology division, National Dairy Research Institute,Karnal, HARYANA,INDIA. At present she is working as Principal scientist at Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, HYDERABAD. Her field of specialization is Animal Physiology.

Insulin like growth factor -1 (IGF- 1) plays an important role in reproduction because it has anabolic and positive effect on cell proliferation, transformation and différentiation. IGF-1 also plays a prominent role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. Plasma lactoferrin (LF) and haptoglobin (Hp) reflect the immune status of the animal. Higher level of plasma Hp indicates sub-clinical or clinical infections. The present study was conducted in order to investigate whether the TLR-4 and Fas gene expression in neutrophils and plasma level of IGF 1, LF and Hp varied between repeat breeding (RB) and regular breeding (RgB) cross bred cattle. For the study, recently calved Karan Fries cattle of 2nd-3rd parity with body weight ranging from 400-460 kg, reared under farm and field conditions, and free from clinical reproductive tract infections and mastitic conditions were selected. Cows were monitored upto three consecutive services. Animals which conceived by maximum three number of services (23 weeks post partum) were considered as regular breeders and those that did not conceive, as repeat breeders. Relative expression of TLR -4 and Fas genes in neutrophils were significantly (P<0.05) higher in RgB group when compared with RB group. On in vitro supplementation of IGF 1, the relative expression of TLR- 4 and Fas gene in neutrophils of RgB group increased, but was not significant. Concentration of plasma IGF 1 and LF were significantly (P<0.001) greater in RgB group while plasma Hp was significantly (P< 0.001) less in RgB group when compared with RB group. Within RgB group the concentration of IGF I significantly increased post 9th week , but such an increase was not observed in RB group. The concentration of plasma Hp at the beginning , at the end of 23 weeks of experiment and also at weekly interval was significantly greater in RB group when compared with RgB group. The concentration of LF increased significantly in RgB group from 12th week postpartum and was significantly higher in RB group. IGF I and LF parameters were positively correlated with each other and both of them were negatively correlated with Hp. From the present study, it can be concluded that the immune status of RgB group animals was better when compared with RB group animals. Poor immune status and some type of inflammation may be the causative factor for repeat breeding problem to persist in one of the group of cows.

Dr. Shanker Raj Barsila has completed his PhD at the age of 32 years from Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Switzerland. He is currently the Assistant Profesor of Animal Science at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur Chitwan Nepal. He has published many papers in reputed journals and has been serving also as a lead researcher in the field of rangelnads management and grazing ecology at AFU, Nepal

The cattle × yak hybrids (Dimjo Chauries) have similar high altitude tolerance and have the advantages of heterosis in comparison to purebred yaks. Effects of grazing by season, the parity on milk yield as it relates to the composition of Dimjo Chauries, are unknown in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area (KCA) of Nepal.To do so, a common transhumant route was identified at 4100 m a.s.l which was grazed both during upward (summer-July) and downward (September-early winter) herd movement. Milking Dimjo Chauries of 2nd, 4th and 6th parities each having six lactating animals selected at similarity in daily milk yield, days of parturition within each group. Daily milk yield and milk composition were analyzed for 7 days by following a 7 days long adapatation period at both measuring periods. Daily milk yield, energy corrected milk yield and fat content were significantly affected (P<0.05) by season and parity and their interactions. Highest daily milk yield was obtained from 6th parity hybrids (5 kg/day) in July and the least was observed for 2nd parity groups in September (1.5 kg/day). Milk fat content was highest at September for 4th parity hybrids (about 8%). Milk protein and lactose content higher at July (3.32% protein vs. 4.67% lactose) than at September (3.22% protein and 4.54% lactose respectively as expected due to advancing lactation and vegetation. Research results revealed that Dimjo Chauries above 4th parity could be promising for commercial herding as has been shown from their higher daily milk yield and daily outputs of milk constituents.