3^rd International Conference on Veterinary & Livestock November 02-03, 2017 Bangkok, Thailand

Sukhan Jung is a Researcher of Veterinary Medicine at Chonbuk National University, South Korea. She has graduated from the Veterinary Science Graduate School of Chonnam National University and recently been participating in research related to health care and disease prevention of large animals

The fecal appearance of calves is an important direct/indirect diagnostic indicator for the occurrence of enteritis. In order to understand the relationship between pathogen infection rate and fecal appearance, fecal scoring and infection with specific pathogens of parasites and viral infection were analyzed. Fecal scoring was determined by subjective observation in 115 farm calves aged 1-90 days: solid, semi-solid, loose and watery. And then fecal pathogens (Coronavirus, Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, E. coli K99+) were detected by 5-type pathogen diagnosis kit and multiple RT-PCR tests. Also, Eimeria was detected by microscopic observation. The association between fecal appearance and pathogen was analyzed by logistic regression model or chi-square test using SPSS. Among the total of 115 calves, 35 were solid fecal type, 38 semi-solid fecal type, 32 loose fecal type and 10 watery type. Pathogen infection rate is positively associated with more liquid fecal type. However, there was no difference in pathogen infection rate between solid and semi-solid type (P>0.05). Based on the results, a fecal score of 2 or more (loose and watery feces) was judged as diarrhea. The diarrhea group had 12 times higher probability of being infected (P=0.00) compared to the normal group. Rotavirus, Coronavirus and Cryptosporidium were closely associated with diarrhea severity (P<0.05). The research confirmed the relationship between fecal scoring and infection rate in calf diarrhea. Infection was associated with more liquid fecal type. Especially, BCV, BRV and Cryptosporidium are involved in change to liquid feces. This research could be an important indicator for better appropriate treatment of calf diarrhea and for providing information of calf diarrhea with clinical symptoms and pathogen infection

Maria Chrenkova is a Scientist with 36 years of experience in ruminant nutrition and feeds evaluation. Her research works are focused on feed quality, parameters of ruminal degradability, intestinal digestibility and biological value of proteins using model animals (rats and rabbits). She also studies the use of genetically modified and non-traditional feeds in animal nutrition and their effects on animal health and quality of animal products. She is involved in several national and international projects related to feed quality, animal nutrition, metabolism and production

The importance of grain legumes in the world is high due to their significance in human and animal nutrition. Peas are substantial source of nitrogen and energy, which can compete with many other feeds for selected nutrients. Energy content is comparative with barley and corn. The amino acid composition is characterized by a high lysine and arginine content and low methionine, cysteine and tryptophan content. Lower nutritive value of legume seeds has been attributed to the presence of anti-nutritional factors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, condensed tannins, lectins, etc. Some industrial processes using heat treatment can improve the nutritional properties of legumes. Peas, like other legume seeds, are characterized also by their highly degradable protein and slowly degradable starch. The heat-based processing treatments, extrusion and expansion, increased the insoluble protein fraction and reduced the amount of the protein being degraded into the rumen with no changes to in vitro digestibility. The objective of this study was to determine nutritive value and effective degradability of crude protein and starch and digestibility of crude protein in untreated and extruded peas by method in sacco and mobile bag.

Maria Polacikova is a Researcher with 25 years’ experience with the analysis of feed and biological materials. She studies the use of genetically modified feeds in animal nutrition and their effect on quality of animal products. Since last 8 years she is the leading Analyst of feed in the Chemical Laboratory, Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre. As a Specialist, on utilization of nutrients rumen degradability, intestinal digestibility by in vivo, in sacco and in vitro methods, she participated in several research projects of the Ministry of Agriculture and Slovak Research and Development Agency, and also projects within bilateral foreign cooperation.

Nutritive value of crude protein in feeds for ruminants is characterized by rate and extent of degradation in the rumen and intestinal digestibility in rumen undegradable proteins (RUP). It is inevitable to obtain exact and correct RDP (rumen degradable proteins) and RUP values and values of ideal RUP digestibility to characterize crude protein in feeds. The intestinal digestibility of rumen undegraded protein is one important parameter in the updated protein evaluation systems for ruminant production. There exist a number of methods to assess intestinal digestibility; they have strong and weak points; e.g., the in vivo method, the mobile bags method, which is widespread and the in vitro method using commercial enzymes.

Matus Rajsky focuses his research on nutrition, feeding and ecology of animals, especially on farm ruminants and free living ruminants. He is the Head of Institute of Nutrition at Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre. He is involved in several projects related to feed quality, animal nutrition, physiology of animal nutrition, feeding of animals, proposals of new feeds. He also studies the relation between nutrition and food of free living ruminants (roe deer, red deer, fallow deer, mouflon and moose) and their impact on environment

Precision feeding of ruminants requires an accurate prediction of ruminal behavior of feed nutrients (protein, cell walls, and starch). Usually, ruminal behavior is predicted from the chemical composition and established relationships between chemical composition and degradation characteristics. The rate and extent of nutrients degradability are important characteristics for their effective utilization by ruminants. The use in sacco and mobile bag method requires ruminally and intestinally canulated animals. These methods allow obtaining the data for several feeds at the same time. Digestion can be studied without the need to simulate the rumen and intestinal environment. The objective of the study was to prepare animals with cannulas and to determinate the degradability of nutrients and digestibility of pasture herbage (Festuca pratensis; Dactylis glomerata; Lotus corniculatus and Bromus inermis), pasture mixture and lucerne.

Du-Gyeong Han is a student and an affiliate of Kyungpook University, South Korea.

Bovine coccidiosis is caused by Eimeria spp. and is considered a problem of livestock productivity worldwide. The clinical signs of coccidiosis are mainly characterized by growth retardation and water or hemorrhagic diarrhea. It occurs commonly due to poor hygiene and over-crowded conditions. So far, more than 20 Eimeria species have been identified and usually infections with one species were found. The present study was performed to report the prevalence of Eimeria infections and investigate the correction between Eimeria spp. and diarrhea. A total of 346 stool samples (160 from Korean native cattle and 186 from Holstein cattle) were collected from 10 different regions in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Of the 346 stool samples overall prevalence of Eimeria spp. was 46.2% (160/346). The prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Korean native cattle and Holstein cattle were 38% (61/160) and 62% (115/186), respectively. A total of 8 Eimeria spp. was found with the following prevalence’s: E. bovis 79% (127/160), E. zuernii (73%, 117/160), E. aubernensis (29%, 46/160), E. subspherica (14%, 23/160), E. bukkidonensis (5%, 8/160), E. ellipsoidalis (2%, 3/160), E. cyclindrica (1%, 2/160) and E. alabamensis (0.5%, 1/160). Mixed infections of 2-4 Eimeria species were found in 76% (121/160) of cattle. Diarrhea was not seen in these cattle. These results show that E. bovis and E. zuernii are prevalent in Korean cattle populations, especially Holstein cattle. Although E. bovis and E. zuernii are known to be pathogenic, these pathogens did not contribute to the clinical effects in adult cattle. Further studies are needed to identify the association between multiple Eimeria spp. infections and diarrhea in calves.

Ji-Hyoung Ryu is a student and an affiliate of Kyungpook University, South Korea

A traditional Korean indigenous breed (Hanwoo cattle) is one of the most economically important species in Republic of Korea (Korea). A pasturing system in the mountainous areas is being considered in Korea to meet persistent demand for Hanwoo production, reduction of production costs, and improvement of animal welfare. However, higher exposure to ticks and the consequent risk of tick-borne disease in mountainous areas are major concerns. Thus, the objective of the present study is to investigate prevalent tick-transmitted infections in mountain-grazing Hanwoo cattle to ensure a safer mountain grazing system in Korea.

Felix Fushai has expertise in animal nutrition, with an interest in both monogastric and ruminant nutrition. His main research interest is in optimizing nutritional, economic and environmental outcomes in the utilization of nonconventional feedstuffs in mitigation of the effects of climate change on the conventional livestock feed supply chain.

The effects of dietary fiber source on the histomorphology of the ileal epithelium were examined in growing pigs fed high fiber (242-250 g total dietary fiber kg-1 dry matter) diets fortified with Roxazyme® G2. The control was a standard, low fiber (141 g total dietary fiber kg-1 dry matter) diet formulated from dehulled soybean (Glycine max), corn (Zea Mays) meal and hominy chop. Five fibrous diets were evaluated in which fiber was increased by incorporating corn cobs, soybean hulls, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) brewer’s grains, Lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay or wheat (Triticum aestivum) bran into the control diet. Each diet was duplicated and 220 mg Roxazyme® G2 kg-1 dry mater was added to one of the mixtures. Seventy-two (72) intact Large White X Landrace male pigs of weight 32±5.6 kg pigs were allocated to the diets to balance pig live weight in a complete randomized design with a 2 (fiber source) X (enzyme) factorial arrangement of treatments. The pigs were fed ad libitum until slaughter at 94±2.6 kg live weight. Ileal tissue samples were taken at a point 50 cm above the ileal-cecal valve. Villi length and area, and crypt depth were measured by computerized image analysis. The villi length:crypt ratio was calculated. The diet and the supplemental enzyme did not affect (p>0.05) any of the measured parameters. Diet X enzyme interaction was significant (p=0.016) for villi length, whereby the enzyme reduced the villi length of pigs on the soy-hulls, standard and wheat bran diets with an opposite effect on pigs on the corn cob, brewer’s grain, lucerne diets.