Day 2 :
- Track 2: Animal Husbandry and Modern Agriculture Track 3: Animal Diseases Track 8: Livestock Nutrition Centers Track 10: Animal Products
Chair
Isabelle Kalmar
Veos Group, Belgium
Co-Chair
Albrecht Glatzle
INTTAS, Paraguay
Session Introduction
Isabelle Kalmar
Veos Group
Belgium
Title: Non-specific antiviral components in plasma can contribute to the safety of SDPP towards PEDV
Time : 10:00-10:20
Biography:
Isabelle Kalmar holds a degree in Veterinary Medicine and in Laboratory Animal Sciences. She completed a PhD in Veterinary Medicine on the topic of nutrition and feeding behavior of pet birds and performed Postdoctoral studies in Immunology at Ghent University. She completed a second PhD in the field of Nutrition related metabolic diseases in broilers obtained at the Department of Animal Sciences of Wageningen University. She is the Senior Veterinary Scientist at VEOS group, a producer of animal-based food and feed ingredients with focus on plasma proteins. She has published over 30 papers in reputable journals.
Abstract:
Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is used as a functional ingredient in weaning diets for piglets. In 2014, Canadian feed-related cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) prompted the need for a risk assessment of PEDV in SDPP. Infected pigs shed high amounts of infective virus in feces but PEDV RNA has also been detected in saliva and acute phase serum. Besides prevalence of infection in market-age pigs, the applied collection method may also affect PEDV load in raw abattoir blood. Still heat-alkalinity-time (HAT) pasteurization, spray-drying and storage at low water activity effectively inactivate PEDV. We examined temperature dependency of non-specific antiviral effects of porcine plasma against PEDV. Dilutions of plasma in cell culture medium were mixed with PEDV strain CV777 and incubated at 4° C or 37° C. Residual infectivity was determined on Vero-Ba cells. Refrigerated plasma did not neutralize PEDV. Only in the presence of 90% plasma, PEDV was considerably sensitive to incubation at 37° C; where 105.65 PFU PEDV/ml was reduced to 100.68 PFU/ml in 2 hours. These in vitro data suggest that PEDV would not remain infectious for more than a few hours in the blood of live pigs. As abattoir blood is refrigerated upon collection, non-specific plasma components would not substantially neutralize PEDV derived from cross-contamination. Acute phase serum indeed did not transmit PEDV in a bioassay but virus-spiked refrigerated pig serum did. Present study demonstrates that plasma components contribute to the level of safety obtained through temperature-based wet processes in the production of SDPP.
Albrecht Glatzle
Rural Association of Paraguay
Paraguay
Title: Reconsidering Livestock’s role in climate change
Time : 10:20-10:40
Biography:
Albrecht Glatzle is an agricultural biologist with a PhD in Soil Microbiology from the University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. During 25 years of applied research, he worked in Botswana (FAO), Morocco (GTZ-INRA) and in Paraguay (GTZ-MAG, later on as Technical Director of the non-profit association INTTAS:http://www.chaconet.com.py/inttas/). From 1977 to 1981 and from 1985 to 1989, he was a scientific staff member at the Institutes of Plant Nutrition and of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, respectively, University of Hohenheim. He has authored more than 120 publications and/or reports and two books on pasture management.
Abstract:
Reduction of global livestock numbers and meat consumption has been recommended for climate change mitigation. However, the basic assumptions made to come up with such kind of recommendations reveal severe methodological deficiencies: (1) Carbon footprint, emission intensity, and life cycle assessments of domestic livestock products reported in scientific literature consistently overlooked the necessity of correcting non CO2 GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions (nitrous oxide and methane) from managed ecosystems for baseline scenarios over time and space (pristine ecosystem and/or pre-climate change emissions); (2) Uncertainties associated with climate sensitivity of anthropogenic GHG-emissions have been ignored; (3) Inconsistencies in the methodological treatment of land use change (deforestation) in emission intensity calculations (per unit of product) can be detected in literature; (4) The lack of a discernable livestock signal in global methane distribution and historical methane emission rates has not been acknowledged; (5) Potential substrate induced enhancement of methane breakdown rates have not been taken into consideration; (6) Ruminants have been accused of low feed energy conversion due to energy loss through methane emissions by enteric fermentation. It has, however, rarely been acknowledged that it is through ruminant livestock that fiber diets growing in abundance in vast areas of grass and rangelands marginal to agriculture are converted into valuable food for humans (meat and milk). A tremendous overestimation of potential livestock contribution to climate change is the logical consequence of these important methodological deficiencies which have been inexorably propagated through recent scientific literature (http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-4-1 ).
Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: The efficacy of certain feed additives for the prevention of Campylobacter jejuni infection in broiler chickens
Time : 10:40-11:00
Biography:
Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany is a Professor at 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Abstract:
In this study, the efficacy of acidifiers (lactic and formic acids) and probiotic preparations containing Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces boulardii in reducing of Campylobacter jejuni infection in broiler chickens was investigated. One hundred and three day old broiler chicks were used. Three birds were euthanized for C. jejuni re-isolation at one day old. One hundred chicks were assigned into 4 equal groups each contains 25 birds. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed on ration containing acidifiers, P. acidilactici and S. boulardii, respectively from one day old till 5 weeks old. Chicks of group 4 were fed on plain ration (control). At 2 weeks of age, each bird was orally challenged with C. jejuni. Groups were kept for 3 weeks recording signs and mortalities. Fecal swabs were collected at different intervals for C. jejuni shedding. Liver and intestine were collected weekly for C. jejuni re-isolation. At 5 weeks of age, all birds were subjected for post-mortem lesions scoring of C. jejuni. Results cleared more severe signs of greenish diarrhea in control than treated birds with no mortalities in all groups. Significant (P<0.05) reduction of C. jejuni shedding and re-isolation rates as well as lesions scoring was seen in groups treated with S. boulardii and P. acidilactici followed by acidifiers over control birds. In conclusion both acidifiers and probiotic preparations greatly reduced and eliminated C. jejuni infection in broiler chickens.
Ivan A Garcia Glicia
University of Chihuahua
Mexico
Title: Crossing beef cattle with Chihuahuan Criollo cattle is an efficient alternative for beef production on arid environments of northern México
Time : 11:15-11:35
Biography:
Iván A. García-Galicia has completed his PhD at the age of 33 years from Bristol University in the United Kingdom. He is a lecturer on the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México since 2010. His research interest is the pre-mortem factors affecting meat biochemistry and meat quality. Lately he has developed the interest for more efficient and less environmental impacting alternatives on beef production.
Abstract:
Growth performance and meat quality traits of Angus x Chihuahuan Criollo steers (n=8, AxC) were compared with those of Hereford x Angus (n=8, HxA) and purebred Chihuahuan Criollo steers (n=8, CCC, rustic breed adapted to arid conditions, originated from cattle brought to the Americas by the conquerors). Until 15 m old, all animals grazed natural pastures or irrigated pastures complemented with corn stubbles and bread waste. Later on, animals were finished in individual pens with a 30:70 forage:concentrate diet (16% CP and 12 MJ/kg ME. NRC, 2000). Steers were slaughtered at 18 months of age. Carcass traits were measured after 48 h post-mortem. Live weight of AxC steers grazing remained notably higher than HxA and CCC. On feedlot HxA had highest weights and daily gains. Remarkably, growth of AxC steers was best under grazing than feedlot conditions. RFI from CCC steers under feedlot conditions was lower (-0.132 kg/day) than for AxC (0.036 kg/day) and HxA (0.094 kg/day). Carcass yields were higher for AxC steers (60.4 %) than for HxA (58.6 %) and CCC steers (55.6 %). AxC and HxA steers had higher backfat deposits than CCC (3.7, 3.4 and 1.5 mm, respectively), but AxC had higher marbling score than HxA and CCC (2, 1.7 and 1. 1 to 5 scale, respectively). Despite its small size, CCC had similar rib eye area than HxA and AxC (11.0, 10.9 and 11.6 inches2, respectively). Discoloration was lower in meat from CCC. We conclude that the cross AxC has the performance benefits from Angus and the efficient use of food ability from CCC, especially on grass conditions.
M A Tony
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Title: Influence of essential oils and organic acids blend on productive performance, immune status and controlling of Clostridium perferingens infections in broiler chickens
Time : 11:35-11:55
Biography:
Mohamed Ahmed Tony Ahmed Marzouk is a Professor in Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University
Abstract:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a commercial blend of cinnamaldehyde, thymol, eugenol combined with propionic, formic and sorbic acids (Fordex®) on zootechnical performance, immune status and controlling of Clostridium perferingens infections in broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old chicks (Hubbard breed) were reared on floor pens and allocated randomly to three dietary treatments. The first group consumed basal broiler diets without any additive and served as a control group (G1). Broiler chicks in the second and third groups (G2 and G3) consumed diets containing Fordex® at 250 and 500 g/ton feed respectively. Feed and water were offered ad-libitum for 35 days experimental period. Feed consumption and body weight were recorded weekly to calculate body gain and feed conversion. Blood samples were collected weekly, after vaccination and after challenge from each group to evaluate the immune status and some immunological parameters. At day 16 of age 25 birds from each group were isolated and challenged orally with 1 ml containing Clostridium perferingens(107 cfu/mL) daily for 3 consecutive days. Post-challenge, lesion scores, mortalities and intestinal Clostridium perferingenslevels were assessed. Feed intake and live body gain were improved significantly (p<0.05). Feed conversion (FCR) was reduced in broiler chickens receiving Fordex® compared with the control group. The best results for live body weight and FCR were recorded in G3. The results of immunological parameters measured showed that additive used could enhance broiler chickens innate immunity as it significantly increased (p<0.05) phagocytic activity and humoral immune responses against vaccines. Fordex® reduced the lesion scores during infections. The log10 C. perfringens/g of intestinal contents was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the treated groups. Birds in the third group showed the best results. Mortality was reduced in both treated groups in contrast to the control group.
Farhad Ahmadi
Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
Title: Effect of curcumin with and without protexin on performance parameters, serum lipoproteins, cecum micro flora and gut morphology of broiler chickens
Time : 11:55-12:15
Biography:
Dr Farhad Ahmadi was born in Kurdistan province, Sanandaj city, Iran. He had earned B.Sc, M.Sc and Ph.D from Tehran Uni, Isfahan Uni (IUT), and IAU, respectively. At present, he is Dean of Department of Animal Science, and served as faculty member at Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Kurdistan Province, Iran. His interested research is different additive in poultry nutrition, especially pro/prebiotic, nutrients of nanoparticles, and medicine plants. Some of his activities: 1) publish 19 scientific papers (ISI); 2) Participation in 13 international scientific meeting; 3) Compilation a book entitled “Recording economic traits in dairy and beef cattle production”.
Abstract:
Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross-308) were randomly distributed into four groups, each of which had four replicates and 15 birds in each. The birds used to evaluate the effects of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and protexin (as multistrain probiotics) alone or their combination, on performance traits, serum lipoproteins, cecum micro flora and gut morphology of broiler chickens. The chicks received the same basal diet based on corn-soybean meal (T1. control), plus 2g/kg turmeric rhizome (T2), and 0.12g/kg (T3), and combination turmeric and protexin with the same level (T4). The performance traits recorded as weekly and calculated on d 21 and 42. Furthermore, on d 42, four birds (one bird/cage) as randomly selected and samples of gut and chyme had removed to further analysis. Addition of turmeric or protexin to the basal diet significantly increased (P<0.05) average daily gain of broilers on d 42. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05) for the birds fed diets with combination additives in contrast to the control (on d 42). Dietary inclusion of 0.12g/kg protexin numerically (P>0.05) enhanced the mass of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and the number of E. coli decreased in the small intestinal and cecum of chyme (P<0.05) on 42 d. Morphological parameters for the duodenum, and jejunum revealed that no significance difference for villi height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD ratio in the birds that fed additives alone. However, VH, CD, and VH/CD ratio in the birds fed diets inclusion of the blend of protexin and turmeric were higher (P<0.05) at the jejunum than control and other treatments. According to the present results, it could be conclude that dietary the blend of protexin and turmeric rhizome increased performance parameters, improved gut micro flora and morphological traits of broilers. Hence, a dietary combination of protexin and turmeric rhizome has a positive effect on the productivity and health of broiler chickens.
Evans Obura
Egerton University
Kenya
Title: SAGLA (Sisal, Acacia, Grass and Livestock Agro tourism) parks
Time : 12:15-12:35
Biography:
Evans Obura is a Professor of Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Kneya
Abstract:
Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is USD 44 billion. Agriculture and tourism sectors contribute over 40 percent to GDP. They also support job creation especially to youth and women. Over 70 percent of the country is semi-desert. To expand agriculture and tourism in dry areas, this paper discusses an innovation designated SAGLA: Sisal, Acacia, Grass and Livestock Agrotourism park. Carbon fixation is conducted by 3 xerophytes: Sisal, Acacia and Grass. Sisal produces fiber, water, poles and medicine. Its cortex is fodder for dairy cattle. Water in sisal supports dip, aquaculture and horticulture industries. Acacia produce gum, medicine and charcoal. Bees forage on its flowers while birds and arthropods nest on its canopy. Acacia open canopy feature enables undergrowth of plants. Grass act as forage for wide variety of herbivores: sheep, deer, antelopes, gazelles, poultry and arthropods among many others. Animal droppings are digested to produce biogas, CO2 and compost which support horticulture. SAGLA food web yield 17 products: fiber, poles, feed, water, medicine, fish, horticulture, meat, milk, leather, eggs, honey, wax, compost, gum, charcoal and tourism. SAGLA mitigates climate change and control soil erosion through sisal, acacia and grass forestry. It opens vast dry lands to sustainable land use.
Gebrehiwot Tadesse
Mekelle University
Ethiopia
Title: Alternatives for inhibition of methanogenesis and enhance fermentation of feeds in the rumen
Time : 12:35-12:55
Biography:
Gebrehiwot Tadesse is a Associate Professor at Mekelle University
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to investigate methanogenesis and fermentation pattern on wheat straw based diet with extracts of Albizialebbeck leaves and supplementation of corresponding levels of leaves on rumen fermentation profile in buffaloes. Extracts (100 ml) were prepared using three solvents, methanol, petroleum ether and water, with 10 g powdered sample; and stored at 4 C for subsequent use. The extracts were tested at three levels (0, 0.25 and 0.50 ml). A mixture (200 ± 5 mg) of wheat straw and concentrate mixture (1:1) was used as substrate and incubated with 30 ml buffered rumen fluid in 100 ml calibrated glass syringes at 39 C for 24 h following standard IVGP protocol. The total gas and methane production was reduced (p< 0.05) with the inclusion of extracts, irrespective of solvent. However, the reduction in ruminal methane production was more pronounced with the methanol and aqueous extracts of Albizialebbeck leaves. Feed degradability was reduced (p<0.05) with petroleum ether extract, however, aqueous extract did not exert any negative effect. Microbial protein synthesis, partitioning factor and propionate production was improved (p<0.05) with the inclusion of methanol and aqueous extracts. Further, an experiment on in vivo rumen fermentation profile was conducted on three fistulatedMurrah buffalo steers supplemented with fresh Albizia leaves at three levels (0, 300g, and 600g per day) in 3x3 Latin Square Design. Supplementation (300g/animal/d) of Albizia leaves to fistulated buffaloes resulted in increase (p<0.05) in total volatile fatty acids and propionate production; however, higher level (600g/animal/day) of supplementation exerted negative effects on rumen fermentation. Increase in total-N as well as ammonia-N concentration was also observed due to ALB-1 supplementation. It may be concluded that Albizialebbeck leaves (300g/animal/day) have a potential to modulate rumen fermentation towards reduced methanogenesis and enhanced volatile fatty acids production
Wiem Mehdi El-Gharbi
INRAT
Tunisia
Title: Utilization of saline water by Barbarine lambs in the dry areas under climate change
Time : 12:55-13:15
Biography:
Wiem Mehdi el-GHarbi has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from University of Science of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia. Hichem Ben Salem is the director of Wiem, a director at Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems Program (DSIPSP) and a Coordinator at ICARDA for CRP Dryland Systems. Hichem has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
This research was aimed at determining the influence of drinking saline water after weaning on live weight change, body condition score, biological and hematological blood parameters, physiological responses, water and feed intakes, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal fermentation on Barbarine lambs. Eighteen weaned lambs, on an average 4 months old, healthy and in good condition were used in a completely randomized design. Animals were randomly assigned to two treatments consisting of water containing different levels of salt (Treatment 1 = 0.5 g of NaCl /l of water, C-sheep; Treatment 2= 10g NaCl / 1l of water, S-sheep) The growth rates has gradually increased with the progress of the experimental period (P<0.05) similarly for the both group (P>0.05) only at the 4 and 10th week, S-lambs weight slightly higher than C-sheep (P<0.05). Consequently, the body weight gain on day 30 and 90th after weaning increased by drinking saline water (P>0.05). However, the both group has a similar dorsal and caudal score note (P>0.05). Drinking saline water increased Triglyceride and cholesterol concentration on 30 days after weaning as well as uric acid concentration (P<0.05) and decreased creatinine concentration on 90 days (P<0.05). However, glucose, total protein, urea and ɤ-GT concentration (P>0.05). The hemoglobin concentration and the hemotocrite were slightly lower for S-lambs compared to control lambs (P<0.05). However, the rest of hematological blood parameters were no affected by drinking saline water for weaned lambs (P>0.05). Weaned lambs had a respiratory rate during early weaning (day 0 and 30 of experimental period) higher than C-lambs (P<0.05). Moreover, any changes had noted in rectal temperature and pulse rates under saline water stress (P>0.05). Besides, inclusion of 10g of salt in fresh potable water did not affect water and feed intakes compared with C-lambs (P>0.05). Lambs drinking water containing 10% NaCI suffered no ill effects. The mean digestibility coefficient of the hay diet dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) consumed were 52.8 and 59.4 g/kg % DM respectively for both treatment groups (p>0.05). Addition of high salt level to potable water did not improve the digestibility coefficients neural and acid detergent fibe (NDF and ADF). Only, the low crude protein (CP) content of 47.7 g/kg was observed for S-lambs resulted in the drinking saline water. Intakes of salt were associated with increase urine excretion (P<0.05). Urine excretion of animals drink high salt water was 2.97 times higher than in the control. Consequently, retention of nitrogen was higher for the saline water group than in the potable water group treatments. One-third of the dietary nitrogen was excreted in the faeces and two-thirds in the urine. Urinary-N tended to decrease in high salt group and the retained-N was consequently increased (P<0.05). During the experiment the weaned lambs maintained live weight, as well as, daily feed and water intakes.
Hina Ashraf Waiz
Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science
India
Title: Backyard poultry farming in Ganderbal district of Kashmir, India
Biography:
Dr. Hina Ashraf Waiz has completed her M.V.Sc degree at the age of 25 from Sher-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology ,Kashmir,India.She has worked in Wollo University Ethiopia ,Africa for two years as lecturer.She has served various government institutions for 5 years.Presently she is working as Assistant Professor in department of Livestock Production Management at College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Udaipur Campus (Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) India and persuing PhD from the same university.she has published more than 15 plus papers in reputed journals
Abstract:
This study is based on the premise that promotion poultry farming can help the state to bridge the gap between demand and supply of eggs and poultry meat as well as generate self employment to reduce poverty and empower rural women. Since time immemorial backyard poultry farming has played an important role to meet the domestic as well as socio-cultural needs of the rural people. However, the traditional poultry farming in villages has suffered in the wake of commercialization in the recent years. Thus, the present study had been conceptualized with the overall objective to search out the existing status of backyard poultry farming and identify the constraints perceived by poultry owners in Ganderbal district of Kashmir, India. The study was conducted in randomly selected fifteen villages of three sub-regions of Ganderbal district of Kashmir Data were collected through a structured interview schedule from 240 respondents i.e., 80 each from the three sub-regions. The analysis of data revealed that respondents were predominantly young had low level of education belonged to Muslim religion and were from the general caste category with medium sized nuclear family. Agricultural labor was the major occupation; they had marginal land and medium livestock holding with more than 7 years of poultry farming experience. The average flock size was 8 birds and they reared birds in free-range/backyard system with little supplementary feeding. The production level was very low. Natural hatching was the main source of chicks. No systematic care was taken with regard to the diseases and vaccination of the birds was also not carried out in any of the villages surveyed. Direct marketing was prevalent in the study area although middlemen also existed. The major constraints identified were high incidence of poultry diseases, lack of suitable germ-plasm and attack by predators.