Day 2 :
- Track 1: Livestock Nutrition and Health Track 4: Product Processing and Marketing Track 6: Environmental Impact of Meat Production Track 7: Agribusiness
Chair
M A Tony
Cairo University, Egypt
Co-Chair
A Z M Salem
Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Mexico
Session Introduction
Jolien Swanckaert
Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research
Belgium
Title: The effect of ensiling on variety rank of Maize silage
Time : 11:50-12:10
Biography:
Jolien Swanckaert is working on her PhD at Ghent University (Belgium) in collaboration with the Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO). With the PhD titled 'Quality of maize in the context of variety admission', the undergoing research will be a scientific support for the official variety trials of maize silage.
Abstract:
Official variety trials with maize silage determine quality parameters in fresh (i.e. unconserved) samples. However, farmers use silage as daily component of cattle diet. Quality changes (crude protein and starch content, NDF, organic matter (OMD) and cell wall digestibility (DNDF)) during ensiling have been studied extensively. It is as yet unclear if the variety rank based on the quality of fresh maize samples is similar with the variety rank based on the quality of ensiled maize samples. In our research, eight maize silage varieties were monitored at six harvest dates (from 250 to 400 g/kg dry matter content) in Merelbeke (Belgium). At each harvest date, fresh samples were taken and half of the sampled material was ensiled in laboratory silos for three months. We analyzed the data with Analyses of Variance and concluded that the variety rank was stable at any harvest date if the interaction between variety and ensiling was not significant. Quality changes during ensiling resulted in a change of variety rank depending on the dry matter content at harvest. Reporting variety ranks based on fresh material continues to be a good practice for crude protein and starch content. However, changes in variety ranks based on OMD, NDF and DNDF occurred at a higher frequency. For each quality parameter, a stable variety rank was only guaranteed at the first harvest date corresponding with a dry matter content of 250g/kg.
Mohamed Ahmed Tony Ahmed Marzouk
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Impact of feed enzymes supplementation on zootechnical performance and incidence of foot pad dermatitis in growing turkeys
Time : 12:10-12:30
Biography:
Mohamed Ahmed Tony Ahmed Marzouk is a Professor in Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University
Abstract:
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of commercial feed enzyme mixtures (Nutrikem Dry® and Kemzyme Plus®) on growing performance of male turkey and monitoring the incidence of foot pad dermatitis as well. One hundred and thirty five, eight-weeks-old turkey toms (hybrid large white tom poults) were weighed and randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (45 toms each). All birds were housed in floor pens bedded by wood shavings (3 replicate pens for each treatment). The first group was fed on four stages basal diets without any enzymes and served as a control group. The second group consumed the same basal diets to which Nutrikem Dry® was added (0.5 kg/ton feed). The third group was reared on the same basal diets supplemented with Kemzyme Plus® (0.5 kg/ton feed). Feed and water were provided ad-libitum during 16 weeks experimental period. Toms and feed consumed in each replicate were weighed biweekly. Body weight gain and feed conversion were calculated. At the end of the experiment moisture and nitrogen contents of the litter were evaluated. At 24 weeks of age 9 toms from each treatment (3 birds/replicate) were randomly selected to observe pododermatitis and carcass yield. The results of feeding trial revealed that treatments that contained either Nutrikem Dry® or Kemzyme Plus® had a significantly (p<0.05) improved live weight and weight gain compared to the control group. Feed consumption was significantly (p<0.05) improved by the digestive enzymes used and reflected positively on feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed enzyme additives reduced significantly (p<005) the excretion weight in both treated groups compared with the control group. Both enzyme additives reduced the moisture and nitrogen contents of the litter. Turkey toms in all experimental groups were affected by pododermatitis with varying severity. Enzyme feed additives had positive effect on the reduction of the severity of pododermatitis. In conclusion feed enzyme additives of turkey diets resulted in an improvement in growth performance and feed utilization efficiency. Moreover, feed enzymes improved the litter quality in turkey houses which reflected positively on reduction of foot pad dermataits.
David Brown
University of Limpopo
South Africa
Title: Voluntary intake and palatability indices of pedi goats fed tanninferous Acacia karroo leaf meal by cafeteria method
Time : 12:30-12:50
Biography:
David Brown is a PhD student and a part-time lecturer at the University of Limpopo (Republic of South Africa). His PhD is entitled “Evaluation of mixtures of Acacia karroo leaf meal and SeteriaVerticillata hay for indigenous Pedi goat production in Limpopo province of South Africa. His study will generate information on the utilization of tanninferousAcacia karroo leaf meal by indigenous Pedi goat during the critical dry season. He is an agro-entrepreneur having been exposed to intensive practical-based training by Israelis expertise from University of Jerusalem, in the following areas: vegetable farming, poultry production, aquaculture, beekeeping and agricultural business.
Abstract:
Acacia karroo is regarded as a multipurpose tree with great potential for increasing goat productivity and can be considered as a cheap source of protein in communal goat production despite the presence of condensed tannins in the leaves. A study was conducted to determine preference intake and relative palatability indices ofAcaciakarroo fed to 5 growing male Pedi goats with an average body weight of 19.81 ± 1.83kg. A cafeteria feeding approach was used, thus, permitting free access to the diet of their choice. The position of the troughs was randomized each day to avoid “habit reflex”. Acacia karroo was offered simultaneously with Setariaverticillata hay in a mixed diet at five different levels (Diet 1: S80K20, Diet 2: S75K25, Diet 3: S70K30, Diet 4: S60K40 and Diet 5: S50K50) for a period of 23 days. The daily relative palatability index (RPI) obtained for each diet were subjected to analysis of variance with feeds as treatments and individual animals as replicates in a completely randomized design. Significant differences (P<0.05) in RPI among the diets were observed. Preference rankings (i.e. 1st to 5th) for the diets produced the following order: diet 5> diet 4> diet 3> diet 2> diet 1. Diet 5 appeared to be the most preferred by goats with RPI of 96.91%. Palatability indices were positively and significantly (P<0.05) predicted from dry matter intake of goats (r2 = 0.71). Similarly, intake and palatability indices of the diets related positively (P<0.05) with the nutrient and tannin contents. Result of this study indicates that tannin-rich plant when fed as a mixed diet can influence preference and intake by small ruminants. Toxin dilution could be a salient reason why ruminant animals select a mixed diet rather than a sole feed rich in secondary plant metabolites. Palatability studies could be used in designing supplemental feeding programs for ruminant livestock in the tropics.
Pinar Tatli Seven
University of Firat
Turkey
Title: The effects of propolis and royal jelly supplementation in diet on performance, egg characterizations, lipid peroxidation, antioxidan enzyme activity and mineral levels in Japanese quails
Time : 12:50-13:30
Biography:
Pinar Tatli Seven is a Professors in VeterinaryFaculty, and completed her PhD (Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disease) from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Firat University in the year 1999. She is a Vice Dean and Member of the Management Committee in Veterinary Faculty. She is also a present member in Animal Nutrition Science Society in Veterinary Society
Abstract:
Thisstudywasconductedtodeterminetheeffects of Propolis (P) andRoyalJelly (RJ) supplementation in diet on performance, eggcharacterizations, lipidperoxidation, antioxidanenzymeactivityand mineral levels in Japanesequails (Coturnixcoturnixjaponica). Forthisaim, a total of 216 Japanesequails of 43 days of agewereused. Theexperimentalgroups as follows: group1 (Control) wasfeed a basaldiet, group2 (propolis) wasfeed a basaldietsupplementedwith 4gr propolis/kgdiet, group3 (royaljelly)wasfeed a basaldietand500 mg/kg bwroyaljellygivenorally.Theeffect of royaljelly on the final body weightwasfoundto be significant (P<0.05). Feedconversion rate (FCR)wassignificantlyimproved in thepropolisgroupas comparedwithroyaljellygroup(P<0.05). Eggcharacteristicswerefoundhighest in thepropolisgroup in terms of shellweight (P<0.01), shellthickness (P<0.05) andshell rate (P<0.05) as comparedwithothergroups. Malondialdehyde levels in liver of allgroupssimilarfound(P> 0.05). Liversuperoxidedismutaseandcatalaseenzymeactivitiesof propolisgroupwerefoundsignificantly (P<0.05) higherthanthose of othergroupswhereasreducedglutathioneandglutathioneperoxidaseactivitieswerefoundhigher in royaljellygroup (P<0.05).Significantlyhigherlevels of Ca (P<0.05)werefound in serum of thepropolisgroupwhereasthose of Cu, Zn, Mg levelsweresimilar in allgroups.Theresults of thecurrentstudyshowedthatpropolissupplementationto4gr propolis/kg in quailsdietthemoreimprovedtoFCR, serum Calevelandantioxidantstatusthanthose ofroyaljellysupplementation 500 mg/kg bwquail.
A.Z.M. Salem
Autonomous University of the State of Mexico
Mexico
Title: Dietary xylanase addition and nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and duodenal fibre digestion in sheep
Time : 14:10-14:30
Biography:
A.Z.M. Salem had his PhD in 2002 from Faculty of Veterinary, Leon University, Spain. Now he is working as a Professor –Researcher at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Mexico. He is specialist in Ruminant Nutrition and working with using the tree leaves extracts, exogenous enzymes, yeasts, …. As feed additives in animal nutrition. Dr. Salem has a lot of research papers published in ELSEVIER, SpringerLink, Wiley, … with some text books as well as registered patents in his field of research. He is currently in the editorial board of two international indexed journals in the JCR with impact factor (Journal of Integrative agriculture and Animal Nutrition and Feed technology) and he is a reviewer in a lot of scientific international journals.
Abstract:
The current study aimed to determine the effect of adding xylanase enzyme (XY) in a basal diet contain 30% corn stover on feed intake, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, duodenal fibre digestibility and some blood urea, phosphorus and triglycerides. Four males Rambouillet sheep (39±1.8 kg BW), with permanent rumen and duodenum cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square design. Sheep were distributed and fed on a basal diet without enzyme addition (XY0), or with addition of xylanase at 1 (XY1), 3 (XY3), and 6 (XY6) µL /g DM of the basal diet for 21 days. The duodenal neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibilities were determined at the days16 and 17. The treatments XY1 and XY3 increased (P <0.05) feed intake from different nutrients with no difference between XY0 versus XY1 and XY3 for crude protein, NDF and ADF intakes. Increased total tract digestibilities were obtained with XY6 with lower digestibility for XY0 and XY3 (P <0.05). Duodenal NDF and ADF digestibility were increased with increasing doses of XY (P <0.05). No effect was observed on measured blood parameters due to addition of XY. Both of XY1 and XY3 increased values (P <0.05) of ruminal pH at all sampling times (P <0.05). Increased (P <0.05) ruminalammonia-N and acetic acid concentrations were in XY6 and XY3 sheep. The lowest (P <0.05) daily methane production was in XY6 sheep. However, XY6 increased ruminal microbial protein production compared to other treatments. It could be concluded that addition of XY at 3 and 6 µL /g DM of the basal diet of Rambouillet sheep improved nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation without affecting blood parameters, and with low feed consumption.
Mardiati Zain
Andalas University
Indonesia
Title: Effect of Sacharomyces cerevisiae and Sapindus rarak Supplementation in diet based of Oil Palm Frond (OPF) on nutrient digestibility and body weight gain of Goat
Time : 14:30-14:50
Biography:
Mardiati Zain has completed her PhD at the age of 34 years from Bogor Agriculture Institute Indonesia. She is the head of feed technology laboratory at Department of Ruminant Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, West Sumatera. She has published more than 12 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
This experiment was conducted to study the effect supplementation of S. cerevisiae and Sapindus rarak in diet OPF-based of nutrients digestibility and body weight gain of goat. The experiment was did in Ruminant Nutrition Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Science Andalas University, Padang. Six teen male Ettawa Goat (40 + 2.75 kg (SEM) liveweight) were allocated to four treatments in a Randomised Block Design, with four replicates per treatment. The four treatments were (A) native grass + concentrate (B),OPF (previously treated with 3% urea) + concentrate, (C) Diet B + 1% S.cerevisae and (D) Diet C + 4% sapindus rarak. The animals were adjusted to their treatments over a 2 week preliminary period which was followed by an 8 week experimental period. Feed intake was determined daily and liveweight was measured every two week. Digestibility was measured by total faecal collection over 6 consecutive days on last week of experiment period. Data were analysed using the General Linear Model procedure in Statistical Analysis Software (SAS, version). The results showed that the dry matter digestibility of treatment B (50.74%) were significantly lower than treatments A, C and D respectively (67.37, 62.38 and 65.71%) and supplementation of S. cerevisiae was able to improve nutrient digestibility and body weight gain of cattle, but still low compared to control (A). Addition of 0.4% Sapindus rarak in treatment D (123 g / day) was able to provide digestibility and body weight gain similar to the control ration (132 g / day). It can be concluded that the use of OPF as a substitute for grass would give the same results with the grass when added 0.1% S. cerevisiae and 4% Sapindus rarak.
Conference Thando Mpendulo
University of KwaZulu-Natal
South Africa
Title: Influence of water deprivation on intake and growth performance of Nguni goats
Time : 14:50-15:10
Biography:
I (Conference Thando Mpendulo) am a 25 year old doing final year towards my PhD in Animal Science at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. I have published some of my findings from my Masters thesis, and have attended local and international conferences held by the South African Society for Animal Science and the American Society for Animal Sciences, respectively.
Abstract:
The objective of the study was to determine the influence of varying levels of water deprivation on intake and growth performance of Nguni goats. A total of 36 Nguni does (initial weight (18±3.2 kg) were used in the study. The goats were housed in individual cages and subjected to varying periods of water deprivation (0; 24; 48 h), with ad libitum access to Medicago sativa hay. Average daily water intake (ADWI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), water to feed ratio (WFR), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined weekly. Average daily water intake (ADWI) was largest from goats deprived of water for 48 h compared to those deprived of water for 24 h and 0 h (P <0.05). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was largest for goats deprived of water for 48 h compared to those deprived of water for 24 h and 0 h in week 1 and week 4 of the feeding period (P <0.01). In week 2 and 3 of the feeding period, ADFI was smallest for goats deprived of water for 0 h compared to those deprived of water for 24 h and 48 h (P <0.01). The ADG and FCR declined as the level of water deprivation was increased (P <0.01). It was concluded that water deprivation increased water and feed intake, whereas average daily gain and feed conversion declined as the water deprivation period was increased, thereby impacting on the productivity of Nguni goats.
Conference Thando Mpendulo
University of KwaZulu-Natal
South Africa
Title: Influence of water deprivation on intake and growth performance of Nguni goats
Time : 14:50-15:10
Biography:
I (Conference Thando Mpendulo) am a 25 year old doing final year towards my PhD in Animal Science at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. I have published some of my findings from my Masters thesis, and have attended local and international conferences held by the South African Society for Animal Science and the American Society for Animal Sciences, respectively.
Abstract:
The objective of the study was to determine the influence of varying levels of water deprivation on intake and growth performance of Nguni goats. A total of 36 Nguni does (initial weight (18±3.2 kg) were used in the study. The goats were housed in individual cages and subjected to varying periods of water deprivation (0; 24; 48 h), with ad libitum access to Medicago sativa hay. Average daily water intake (ADWI), average daily feed intake (ADFI), water to feed ratio (WFR), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were determined weekly. Average daily water intake (ADWI) was largest from goats deprived of water for 48 h compared to those deprived of water for 24 h and 0 h (P <0.05). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) was largest for goats deprived of water for 48 h compared to those deprived of water for 24 h and 0 h in week 1 and week 4 of the feeding period (P <0.01). In week 2 and 3 of the feeding period, ADFI was smallest for goats deprived of water for 0 h compared to those deprived of water for 24 h and 48 h (P <0.01). The ADG and FCR declined as the level of water deprivation was increased (P <0.01). It was concluded that water deprivation increased water and feed intake, whereas average daily gain and feed conversion declined as the water deprivation period was increased, thereby impacting on the productivity of Nguni goats.
Guluzar Tuna Kelestemur
Firat University
Turkey
Title: Effects of the ß-Carotene on the growth performance and skin pigmentation of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss, W.1792)
Time : 15:10-15:30
Biography:
1998 /License /University of Firat, Faculty of Fisheries, Elazig/TURKEY 2001/MSc/University of Firat, Faculty of Fishheries, Department of Fisheries, Elazig/TURKEY/ The effect of corn gluten in different ratio on the growth performance and feeding efficiency of tilapia (Tilapia nilotica, Linnaeus, 1758). 2009/PhD/University of Firat, Faculty of Fishheries, Department of Fisheries, Elazig/TURKEY/ The Effects of A and E Vitamins on Growth, Feed Conversion and Some Tissues of Juvenil Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W. 1792) In Oxygen Stress
Abstract:
In this study, the effect of dietary supplementation of β-carotene (beta carotene) on growth and skin pigmentation of rainbow trout.Fishwere fed withdietscontaining 30 and 70 mg β-carotene kg-1, andwithoutsupplementedbasaldietfor 12 weeks. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SUR) in the C group was significantly lower (p<0.05) than beta carotene supplemented diet groups. Feed concervation ratio (FCR) in the C was significantly lower (p<0.05) than β-carotene supplemented diet groups. But PER of fish did not differ among the diet groups (p>0.05). Crude protein value of fish meat was higher in beta-carotene supplemented diet groups (P<0.05) than control diet group. But, crude lipid and ash were not statistically different among the groups (p>0.05). The lowest carotenoid concentration levels in the lateral and tail regions of the fishes in the experimental groups have been obtained in the C (control) group (lateral region: 0.263±0.021 ug/g; tail ragion: 0.009±0.002 ug/g) while the highest cumulative values have been determined in the fishes of β70 groups (lateral region: 0.643±0.46 ug/g; tail region: 0.124±0.015 ug/g).
Dragan Sefer
Belgrade University
Serbia
Title: The effects of probiotic supplementation in weaned pigs diet
Time : 15:30-15:50
Biography:
Dragan Sefer has completed his PhD in June 2002, at the age of 39, at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Nutrition and Botany of Belgrade University. Since February 2007 he became head of this Department and since December 2014 he has been engaged as a full professor. He published more than 150 papers in national and international journals (more than 10 in reputed journals) and two books (\\\"General nutrition\\\" and \\\"Feed safety for animals\\\") intended for the students at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine.
Abstract:
In order to investigate the efficiency of using probiotics in the diet of weaned pigs under the commercial conditions of rearing, feeding trial was organized. The experiment included 24 pigs (Landrace x Yorkshire), which were immediately after the weaning (weaned at age of 35 days) distributed randomly in two feeding treatments. A control group of pigs (K) received a diet of standard feed and chemical composition while the experimental group (O-I) received the same diet, but with the addition of probiotic preparation (B. subtilis and B. licheniformis). The experiment lasted 40 days, after which the pigs were sacrificed and samples were taken for further physicochemical and histological examination. At the end of the experiment the control group achieved body weight (25.32±6.31kg), average daily gain (0.42±0.12kg), feed consumption (0.89kg) and feed to gain ratio (2.119) common for a given race, conditions of nutrition and housing. Experimental group, that received probiotics preparation, achieved higher body mass (27.98±4.76kg), average daily gain (0.49±0.09kg), feed consumption (0.96kg) and lower feed to gain ratio (1.959kg) compared to the control group. The height and width of the villi in the jejunum were significantly higher (p<0.001) in the experimental group compared to the control. Crypt depth in the jejunum, and the pH value of the jejunum and the cecum were not affected by applied treatment (p>0.05). Obtained results indicate that probiotic supplementation in the diet of weaned piglets has its nutritive justification.
Yetti Marlida
Andalas University
Indonesia
Title: The fiber fraction of Oil Palm Trunk treated by ligninase termostable produced by thermophilic Bacteria isolated from hot spring of West Sumatera, Indonesia
Time : 15:50-16:10
Biography:
Yetti Marlida has completed her PhD at the age of 36 years from Universiti Putra Malaysia and postdoctoral studies from Cornell University, Ithaca, USA. She is the head of feed technology laboratory at Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, West Sumatera. She has published more than 15 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
The research purposed to find out interction between oil palm trunk concentrations and ligninase doses to increase the fiber fractions of oil palm trunk before using as animal feeding. The oil palm trunk treated by ligninase termostable aimed to hidrolysis of lignin as cell wall through separation of fiber fraction such as: ADF, NDF, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) factorial using 2 factors: factor A consists of three levels of ligninase enzymes A1: 250 U/kg, A2: 500 U/kg,and A3: 750 U/kg. Factor B is the concentration of oil palm trunks B1: 40%; B2: 60% were repeated 3 times. The results showed that there is highly significantly effect of interactions (P<0.01) between levels of ligninase enzyme (factor A) with the concentration of oil palm trunks (factor B) to ADF, NDF, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of hydrolisis products of oil palm trunk.The optimum concentration of oil palm trukns was 60% (v/w) and 750 U/kg of ligninase thermostable that were improve of the fiber fractions quality to easily digested by ruminantia animal such as: cow, sheep, buffalo and goat.
Mirnawati
Andalas University
Indonesia
Title: The effect of types of mold, fermentation duration and Palm Kernel cake substrate composition on Cellulase and Mannanase enzyme activities
Time : 16:25-16:45
Biography:
Mirnawati has completed her PhD on 2010 from University of Andalas. She is the study program secretary of Animal Science Faculty, Department of Poultry Nutrition, Andalas University, West Sumatera. She has published more than 8 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The objective of this research is to determine the types of mold, the substrate composition (Palm kernel cake dose) and the optimum fermentation duration toward Cellulase, Mannanase and Protease in producing enzymes from cellulotic and mananolitic fungi in order to be used in poultry rations that contain palm kernel cake (PKC). The utilization of the aforementioned enzymes are expected to increase the usage of PKC in poultry rations. The statistical method applied in this research is the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a 3x3x3 factorial arrangement with 3 replications (Steel and Torrie, 1991). Factor A is the types of molds to be used which are: Aspergillus niger as A1, Eupenicillium javanicum as A2, and Sclerotium rolfsii as A3. Factor B is the substrate composition of PKC which are: 5% of PKC as B1, 8% of PKC as B2, and 11% of PKCas B3. Factor C is the fermentation duration which are: 36 hours as C1, 48 hours as C2, and 60 hours as C3. The variables measured are the enzyme activities of Cellulase enzyme (U/ml), Mannanase enzyme (U/ml), and Protease enzyme (U/ml). The result of variance analysis showed that there is an interaction among the types of molds, the substrate composition, and the fermentation duration toward Cellulase, Mannanase and Protease enzyme activities, while each factor in the types of molds, the substrate composition and the fermentation duration is highly significant (P<0.01) to Cellulase, Mannanase and Protease enzyme activities. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that Sclerotium rofsii provides an optimum enzyme activities for Cellulase, Mannanase and Protease enzymes with enzyme activity of 21.89 U/ml, 24.58 U/ml, and 22.92 U/ml respectively, compared to Eupenicillium javanicum and Aspergillus niger.
Ozlem Emir Coban
Firat University
Turkey
Title: Improving the quality of Catfish Burger by adding Zataria Multi flora Boiss. Essential Oil
Time : 16:45-17:05
Biography:
Ozlem Emir Coban is a Associate Professor in Faculty of Fisheries at Firat University, Turkey.
Abstract:
Essential oils are becoming increasingly popular in resent years as naturally occur in ganti oxidantand antimicrobial agents.For this reason, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of addition of different concentrations (0.2, 0.4%) of Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZMEO) on the quality of catfish burger during storage at 4 oC. The obtained results indicated that the best sensory quality was attained at the highest ZMEO concentration (0.4) compared with control samples. The storage time significantly affected the TBA (Thiobarbituric acid) values, as treated samples with ZMEO showed lower values of TBA compared with the control samples. Regarding to microbial load, samples treated with 0.2 and 0.4% of ZMEO revealed significant reduction at 9th day of storage as compared with the control samples.
Amlan Kumar Patra
West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences
India
Title: Development of linear and non-linear statistical models for prediction of enteric methane emission from cattle in tropical production systems
Biography:
Amlan Patra earned his PhD in 2004 from Indian Veterinary Research Institute in Animal Nutrition. He worked at American Institute for Goat Research, USA as a Post-doctoral Research Associate and at The Ohio State University, USA through a BOYSCAST fellowship from India. He joined West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences as Assistant Professor in 2007. He has authored over 80 articles and edited a Springer book. He has served on the Editorial Board of the journal Animal Feed Science and Technology and currently is an Editor, as well as being the Review Editor of Frontiers in Microbiology.
Abstract:
The objective of this study was to develop linear and nonlinear statistical models to predict enteric methane emission (EME) from cattle in the tropics based on dietary variables. A database from 35 publications, which included 142 mean observations of EME measured on 830 cattle, was constructed to develop EME prediction models. Several extant EME prediction equations developed for North-American and European cattle were also evaluated for suitability of those equations in this dataset. The simple linear equation that predicted EME with high precision and accuracy was methane (MJ/day) = 1.29(±0.906) + 0.878(±0.125) × dry matter intake (kg/day) (DMI) [RMSPE = 31.0% with 92% of mean square prediction error (MSPE) being random error; R2=0.70]. Multiple regression equations that predicted slightly better than simple prediction equations were methane (MJ/day) = 0.910(±0.746) + 1.472(±0.154) × DMI – 1.388(±0.451) × feeding level - 0.669(±0.338) × acid detergent fiber intake (g/kg); n = 91; RMSPE = 4.22 [RMSPE = 22.2%, with 99.6% of MSPE from random error; R2=0.84]. Among the nonlinear equations developed, Mitscherlich model [methane (MJ/day) = 71.47(±22.14.6) × (1 - exp{-0.0156(±0.0051) × DMI] performed better than simple linear and other nonlinear models, but the predictability and goodness of fits of the equation did not improve compared with the multiple regression models. Extant equations overestimated EME, and many extant models had low accuracy and precision. The equations developed in this study will be useful for improving national methane inventory preparation, and for a better understanding of dietary factors influencing EME for tropical cattle feeding systems.
B.M. Bhanderi
National Dairy Development Board (NDDB)
India
Title: Recent technological advances in animal nutrition for enhancing buffalo productivity in sub-tropical conditions
Biography:
Babulal M Bhanderi is a Animal Nutrition Scientist-II at Animal Nutrition Division National Dairy Development Board
Abstract:
In South Asia, India has the largest buffalo population and 99 per cent of milk producing buffaloes are owned by small to medium landholding farmers, fed primarily on crop residues and agro-industrial by-products. As there are limited feed and fodder resources in the country, available feed resources need to be utilized judiciously, with value addition. Through appropriate feeding practices, milk production and the productive life of buffaloes can be improved. In view of this, NDDB has been assisting different agencies in setting up bypass protein/fat, mineral mixture, urea molasses block and cattle feed plants and developing strategic feed supplements. Protein meals should be given suitable chemical treatment, so as to improve their efficiency of utilization for various production purposes. The process is termed as bypass protein technology, which need to be used on large-scale to treat the available protein meals for improving their rumen bypass value for improved growth and milk production. High yielding buffaloes during transition period need to be supplemented with bypass fat to combat early lactation stresses, reduce body weight loss and enhance milk production and reproduction efficiency. Different type of compound cattle feeds need to be manufactured for various categories of growing and lactating buffaloes appropriate to the area and season, including feed for dry pregnant animals and young buffalo calves. As minerals deficiency in feed resources varies in different agro-climatic conditions, all the categories of buffaloes in different zones need to be supplemented with area specific mineral mixtures for improved growth, milk production and reproduction efficiency. As crop residues form the bulk of animals’ diet and poor in digestibility, efficiency of utilization of crop residues can be improved, if supplemented with deficient nutrients through urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) licks. Lactating buffaloes are usually fed one or two locally available concentrate feed ingredients, grasses and crop residues in sub-tropical countries. On feeding a balanced ration and large-scale implementation of the above-mentioned technological advancements in the field of animal nutrition, it should be possible to enhance milk production and productive life of buffaloes in the country.
Ameur Ameur Abdelkader
University of Bouira
Algeria
Title: Milk protein polymorphism study in two Algerian sheep breeds-Hamra and Ouled Djellal
Biography:
Ameur Ameur Abdelkader, he preparing his PhD studies at the National Superior School of Agronomy (ENSA), Algeria. His research on the genetic polymorphism of sheep milk of locals breeds. He is a member of a research project for the characterization and improvement of local Algerian sheep breeds. Now he is the head of Department of Agronomy and permanent teacher in the University of Bouira (UAMOB). He was an engineer in the laboratory of veterinary medicine.
Abstract:
In sheep, the polymorphism of major milk proteins is reduced as compared with other ruminant species, like cattle and goats. As in other ruminant species, in sheep these polymorphisms were studied relative to milk quantity, quality and its manufacturing properties or for authenticity identification of dairy products. In Algeria, data concerning the characterization of the sheep breeds in the six loci codifying for major milk proteins genes are almost absent. The purpose of our study was to determine milk quality indices as well as milk protein polymorphism in local sheep breed, using 60 samples of milk from two local sheep breeds Hamra and Ouled Djellal. Our work consisted in the isolation and characterization of milk proteins. For this, we used the precipitation of caseins Phi (pH 4.6). After extraction, purification and assay, both casein and serum protein fractions were then assayed by the Bradford method and controlled by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in the different conditions (native, in the presence of urea and in the presence of SDS). The electrophoretic pattern of milk samples showed the presence similarities of four major caseins variants (αs1-, αs2-β-and k-casein) and two whey proteins (β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin) of two races Hamra and Ouled Djellal. But compared to bovine milk, they have helped to highlight some peculiarities as related to serum proteins (α La β Lg) as caseins, including αs1-Cn.
- Track 2: Animal Husbandry and Modern Agriculture Track 3: Animal Diseases Track 8: Livestock Nutrition Centers Track 10: Animal Products
Chair
Isabelle Kalmar
Veos Group, Belgium
Co-Chair
Albrecht Glatzle
INTTAS, Paraguay
Session Introduction
Isabelle Kalmar
Veos Group
Belgium
Title: Non-specific antiviral components in plasma can contribute to the safety of SDPP towards PEDV
Time : 10:00-10:20
Biography:
Isabelle Kalmar holds a degree in Veterinary Medicine and in Laboratory Animal Sciences. She completed a PhD in Veterinary Medicine on the topic of nutrition and feeding behavior of pet birds and performed Postdoctoral studies in Immunology at Ghent University. She completed a second PhD in the field of Nutrition related metabolic diseases in broilers obtained at the Department of Animal Sciences of Wageningen University. She is the Senior Veterinary Scientist at VEOS group, a producer of animal-based food and feed ingredients with focus on plasma proteins. She has published over 30 papers in reputable journals.
Abstract:
Spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is used as a functional ingredient in weaning diets for piglets. In 2014, Canadian feed-related cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) prompted the need for a risk assessment of PEDV in SDPP. Infected pigs shed high amounts of infective virus in feces but PEDV RNA has also been detected in saliva and acute phase serum. Besides prevalence of infection in market-age pigs, the applied collection method may also affect PEDV load in raw abattoir blood. Still heat-alkalinity-time (HAT) pasteurization, spray-drying and storage at low water activity effectively inactivate PEDV. We examined temperature dependency of non-specific antiviral effects of porcine plasma against PEDV. Dilutions of plasma in cell culture medium were mixed with PEDV strain CV777 and incubated at 4° C or 37° C. Residual infectivity was determined on Vero-Ba cells. Refrigerated plasma did not neutralize PEDV. Only in the presence of 90% plasma, PEDV was considerably sensitive to incubation at 37° C; where 105.65 PFU PEDV/ml was reduced to 100.68 PFU/ml in 2 hours. These in vitro data suggest that PEDV would not remain infectious for more than a few hours in the blood of live pigs. As abattoir blood is refrigerated upon collection, non-specific plasma components would not substantially neutralize PEDV derived from cross-contamination. Acute phase serum indeed did not transmit PEDV in a bioassay but virus-spiked refrigerated pig serum did. Present study demonstrates that plasma components contribute to the level of safety obtained through temperature-based wet processes in the production of SDPP.
Albrecht Glatzle
Rural Association of Paraguay
Paraguay
Title: Reconsidering Livestock’s role in climate change
Time : 10:20-10:40
Biography:
Albrecht Glatzle is an agricultural biologist with a PhD in Soil Microbiology from the University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany. During 25 years of applied research, he worked in Botswana (FAO), Morocco (GTZ-INRA) and in Paraguay (GTZ-MAG, later on as Technical Director of the non-profit association INTTAS:http://www.chaconet.com.py/inttas/). From 1977 to 1981 and from 1985 to 1989, he was a scientific staff member at the Institutes of Plant Nutrition and of Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics, respectively, University of Hohenheim. He has authored more than 120 publications and/or reports and two books on pasture management.
Abstract:
Reduction of global livestock numbers and meat consumption has been recommended for climate change mitigation. However, the basic assumptions made to come up with such kind of recommendations reveal severe methodological deficiencies: (1) Carbon footprint, emission intensity, and life cycle assessments of domestic livestock products reported in scientific literature consistently overlooked the necessity of correcting non CO2 GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions (nitrous oxide and methane) from managed ecosystems for baseline scenarios over time and space (pristine ecosystem and/or pre-climate change emissions); (2) Uncertainties associated with climate sensitivity of anthropogenic GHG-emissions have been ignored; (3) Inconsistencies in the methodological treatment of land use change (deforestation) in emission intensity calculations (per unit of product) can be detected in literature; (4) The lack of a discernable livestock signal in global methane distribution and historical methane emission rates has not been acknowledged; (5) Potential substrate induced enhancement of methane breakdown rates have not been taken into consideration; (6) Ruminants have been accused of low feed energy conversion due to energy loss through methane emissions by enteric fermentation. It has, however, rarely been acknowledged that it is through ruminant livestock that fiber diets growing in abundance in vast areas of grass and rangelands marginal to agriculture are converted into valuable food for humans (meat and milk). A tremendous overestimation of potential livestock contribution to climate change is the logical consequence of these important methodological deficiencies which have been inexorably propagated through recent scientific literature (http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-7136-4-1 ).
Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: The efficacy of certain feed additives for the prevention of Campylobacter jejuni infection in broiler chickens
Time : 10:40-11:00
Biography:
Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany is a Professor at 1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Abstract:
In this study, the efficacy of acidifiers (lactic and formic acids) and probiotic preparations containing Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces boulardii in reducing of Campylobacter jejuni infection in broiler chickens was investigated. One hundred and three day old broiler chicks were used. Three birds were euthanized for C. jejuni re-isolation at one day old. One hundred chicks were assigned into 4 equal groups each contains 25 birds. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were fed on ration containing acidifiers, P. acidilactici and S. boulardii, respectively from one day old till 5 weeks old. Chicks of group 4 were fed on plain ration (control). At 2 weeks of age, each bird was orally challenged with C. jejuni. Groups were kept for 3 weeks recording signs and mortalities. Fecal swabs were collected at different intervals for C. jejuni shedding. Liver and intestine were collected weekly for C. jejuni re-isolation. At 5 weeks of age, all birds were subjected for post-mortem lesions scoring of C. jejuni. Results cleared more severe signs of greenish diarrhea in control than treated birds with no mortalities in all groups. Significant (P<0.05) reduction of C. jejuni shedding and re-isolation rates as well as lesions scoring was seen in groups treated with S. boulardii and P. acidilactici followed by acidifiers over control birds. In conclusion both acidifiers and probiotic preparations greatly reduced and eliminated C. jejuni infection in broiler chickens.
Ivan A Garcia Glicia
University of Chihuahua
Mexico
Title: Crossing beef cattle with Chihuahuan Criollo cattle is an efficient alternative for beef production on arid environments of northern México
Time : 11:15-11:35
Biography:
Iván A. García-Galicia has completed his PhD at the age of 33 years from Bristol University in the United Kingdom. He is a lecturer on the Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, México since 2010. His research interest is the pre-mortem factors affecting meat biochemistry and meat quality. Lately he has developed the interest for more efficient and less environmental impacting alternatives on beef production.
Abstract:
Growth performance and meat quality traits of Angus x Chihuahuan Criollo steers (n=8, AxC) were compared with those of Hereford x Angus (n=8, HxA) and purebred Chihuahuan Criollo steers (n=8, CCC, rustic breed adapted to arid conditions, originated from cattle brought to the Americas by the conquerors). Until 15 m old, all animals grazed natural pastures or irrigated pastures complemented with corn stubbles and bread waste. Later on, animals were finished in individual pens with a 30:70 forage:concentrate diet (16% CP and 12 MJ/kg ME. NRC, 2000). Steers were slaughtered at 18 months of age. Carcass traits were measured after 48 h post-mortem. Live weight of AxC steers grazing remained notably higher than HxA and CCC. On feedlot HxA had highest weights and daily gains. Remarkably, growth of AxC steers was best under grazing than feedlot conditions. RFI from CCC steers under feedlot conditions was lower (-0.132 kg/day) than for AxC (0.036 kg/day) and HxA (0.094 kg/day). Carcass yields were higher for AxC steers (60.4 %) than for HxA (58.6 %) and CCC steers (55.6 %). AxC and HxA steers had higher backfat deposits than CCC (3.7, 3.4 and 1.5 mm, respectively), but AxC had higher marbling score than HxA and CCC (2, 1.7 and 1. 1 to 5 scale, respectively). Despite its small size, CCC had similar rib eye area than HxA and AxC (11.0, 10.9 and 11.6 inches2, respectively). Discoloration was lower in meat from CCC. We conclude that the cross AxC has the performance benefits from Angus and the efficient use of food ability from CCC, especially on grass conditions.
M A Tony
Cairo University
Egypt
Title: Title: Influence of essential oils and organic acids blend on productive performance, immune status and controlling of Clostridium perferingens infections in broiler chickens
Time : 11:35-11:55
Biography:
Mohamed Ahmed Tony Ahmed Marzouk is a Professor in Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University
Abstract:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a commercial blend of cinnamaldehyde, thymol, eugenol combined with propionic, formic and sorbic acids (Fordex®) on zootechnical performance, immune status and controlling of Clostridium perferingens infections in broiler chickens. A total of 300 one-day-old chicks (Hubbard breed) were reared on floor pens and allocated randomly to three dietary treatments. The first group consumed basal broiler diets without any additive and served as a control group (G1). Broiler chicks in the second and third groups (G2 and G3) consumed diets containing Fordex® at 250 and 500 g/ton feed respectively. Feed and water were offered ad-libitum for 35 days experimental period. Feed consumption and body weight were recorded weekly to calculate body gain and feed conversion. Blood samples were collected weekly, after vaccination and after challenge from each group to evaluate the immune status and some immunological parameters. At day 16 of age 25 birds from each group were isolated and challenged orally with 1 ml containing Clostridium perferingens(107 cfu/mL) daily for 3 consecutive days. Post-challenge, lesion scores, mortalities and intestinal Clostridium perferingenslevels were assessed. Feed intake and live body gain were improved significantly (p<0.05). Feed conversion (FCR) was reduced in broiler chickens receiving Fordex® compared with the control group. The best results for live body weight and FCR were recorded in G3. The results of immunological parameters measured showed that additive used could enhance broiler chickens innate immunity as it significantly increased (p<0.05) phagocytic activity and humoral immune responses against vaccines. Fordex® reduced the lesion scores during infections. The log10 C. perfringens/g of intestinal contents was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in the treated groups. Birds in the third group showed the best results. Mortality was reduced in both treated groups in contrast to the control group.
Farhad Ahmadi
Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
Title: Effect of curcumin with and without protexin on performance parameters, serum lipoproteins, cecum micro flora and gut morphology of broiler chickens
Time : 11:55-12:15
Biography:
Dr Farhad Ahmadi was born in Kurdistan province, Sanandaj city, Iran. He had earned B.Sc, M.Sc and Ph.D from Tehran Uni, Isfahan Uni (IUT), and IAU, respectively. At present, he is Dean of Department of Animal Science, and served as faculty member at Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Kurdistan Province, Iran. His interested research is different additive in poultry nutrition, especially pro/prebiotic, nutrients of nanoparticles, and medicine plants. Some of his activities: 1) publish 19 scientific papers (ISI); 2) Participation in 13 international scientific meeting; 3) Compilation a book entitled “Recording economic traits in dairy and beef cattle production”.
Abstract:
Two hundred and forty one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross-308) were randomly distributed into four groups, each of which had four replicates and 15 birds in each. The birds used to evaluate the effects of turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and protexin (as multistrain probiotics) alone or their combination, on performance traits, serum lipoproteins, cecum micro flora and gut morphology of broiler chickens. The chicks received the same basal diet based on corn-soybean meal (T1. control), plus 2g/kg turmeric rhizome (T2), and 0.12g/kg (T3), and combination turmeric and protexin with the same level (T4). The performance traits recorded as weekly and calculated on d 21 and 42. Furthermore, on d 42, four birds (one bird/cage) as randomly selected and samples of gut and chyme had removed to further analysis. Addition of turmeric or protexin to the basal diet significantly increased (P<0.05) average daily gain of broilers on d 42. The feed-to-gain ratio was significantly decreased (P<0.05) for the birds fed diets with combination additives in contrast to the control (on d 42). Dietary inclusion of 0.12g/kg protexin numerically (P>0.05) enhanced the mass of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and the number of E. coli decreased in the small intestinal and cecum of chyme (P<0.05) on 42 d. Morphological parameters for the duodenum, and jejunum revealed that no significance difference for villi height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH/CD ratio in the birds that fed additives alone. However, VH, CD, and VH/CD ratio in the birds fed diets inclusion of the blend of protexin and turmeric were higher (P<0.05) at the jejunum than control and other treatments. According to the present results, it could be conclude that dietary the blend of protexin and turmeric rhizome increased performance parameters, improved gut micro flora and morphological traits of broilers. Hence, a dietary combination of protexin and turmeric rhizome has a positive effect on the productivity and health of broiler chickens.
Evans Obura
Egerton University
Kenya
Title: SAGLA (Sisal, Acacia, Grass and Livestock Agro tourism) parks
Time : 12:15-12:35
Biography:
Evans Obura is a Professor of Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Egerton University, Kneya
Abstract:
Kenya’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is USD 44 billion. Agriculture and tourism sectors contribute over 40 percent to GDP. They also support job creation especially to youth and women. Over 70 percent of the country is semi-desert. To expand agriculture and tourism in dry areas, this paper discusses an innovation designated SAGLA: Sisal, Acacia, Grass and Livestock Agrotourism park. Carbon fixation is conducted by 3 xerophytes: Sisal, Acacia and Grass. Sisal produces fiber, water, poles and medicine. Its cortex is fodder for dairy cattle. Water in sisal supports dip, aquaculture and horticulture industries. Acacia produce gum, medicine and charcoal. Bees forage on its flowers while birds and arthropods nest on its canopy. Acacia open canopy feature enables undergrowth of plants. Grass act as forage for wide variety of herbivores: sheep, deer, antelopes, gazelles, poultry and arthropods among many others. Animal droppings are digested to produce biogas, CO2 and compost which support horticulture. SAGLA food web yield 17 products: fiber, poles, feed, water, medicine, fish, horticulture, meat, milk, leather, eggs, honey, wax, compost, gum, charcoal and tourism. SAGLA mitigates climate change and control soil erosion through sisal, acacia and grass forestry. It opens vast dry lands to sustainable land use.
Gebrehiwot Tadesse
Mekelle University
Ethiopia
Title: Alternatives for inhibition of methanogenesis and enhance fermentation of feeds in the rumen
Time : 12:35-12:55
Biography:
Gebrehiwot Tadesse is a Associate Professor at Mekelle University
Abstract:
The aim of the present study was to investigate methanogenesis and fermentation pattern on wheat straw based diet with extracts of Albizialebbeck leaves and supplementation of corresponding levels of leaves on rumen fermentation profile in buffaloes. Extracts (100 ml) were prepared using three solvents, methanol, petroleum ether and water, with 10 g powdered sample; and stored at 4 C for subsequent use. The extracts were tested at three levels (0, 0.25 and 0.50 ml). A mixture (200 ± 5 mg) of wheat straw and concentrate mixture (1:1) was used as substrate and incubated with 30 ml buffered rumen fluid in 100 ml calibrated glass syringes at 39 C for 24 h following standard IVGP protocol. The total gas and methane production was reduced (p< 0.05) with the inclusion of extracts, irrespective of solvent. However, the reduction in ruminal methane production was more pronounced with the methanol and aqueous extracts of Albizialebbeck leaves. Feed degradability was reduced (p<0.05) with petroleum ether extract, however, aqueous extract did not exert any negative effect. Microbial protein synthesis, partitioning factor and propionate production was improved (p<0.05) with the inclusion of methanol and aqueous extracts. Further, an experiment on in vivo rumen fermentation profile was conducted on three fistulatedMurrah buffalo steers supplemented with fresh Albizia leaves at three levels (0, 300g, and 600g per day) in 3x3 Latin Square Design. Supplementation (300g/animal/d) of Albizia leaves to fistulated buffaloes resulted in increase (p<0.05) in total volatile fatty acids and propionate production; however, higher level (600g/animal/day) of supplementation exerted negative effects on rumen fermentation. Increase in total-N as well as ammonia-N concentration was also observed due to ALB-1 supplementation. It may be concluded that Albizialebbeck leaves (300g/animal/day) have a potential to modulate rumen fermentation towards reduced methanogenesis and enhanced volatile fatty acids production
Wiem Mehdi El-Gharbi
INRAT
Tunisia
Title: Utilization of saline water by Barbarine lambs in the dry areas under climate change
Time : 12:55-13:15
Biography:
Wiem Mehdi el-GHarbi has completed his PhD at the age of 30 years from University of Science of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the National Agricultural Research Institute of Tunisia. Hichem Ben Salem is the director of Wiem, a director at Diversification and Sustainable Intensification of Production Systems Program (DSIPSP) and a Coordinator at ICARDA for CRP Dryland Systems. Hichem has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an editorial board member of repute.
Abstract:
This research was aimed at determining the influence of drinking saline water after weaning on live weight change, body condition score, biological and hematological blood parameters, physiological responses, water and feed intakes, apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and ruminal fermentation on Barbarine lambs. Eighteen weaned lambs, on an average 4 months old, healthy and in good condition were used in a completely randomized design. Animals were randomly assigned to two treatments consisting of water containing different levels of salt (Treatment 1 = 0.5 g of NaCl /l of water, C-sheep; Treatment 2= 10g NaCl / 1l of water, S-sheep) The growth rates has gradually increased with the progress of the experimental period (P<0.05) similarly for the both group (P>0.05) only at the 4 and 10th week, S-lambs weight slightly higher than C-sheep (P<0.05). Consequently, the body weight gain on day 30 and 90th after weaning increased by drinking saline water (P>0.05). However, the both group has a similar dorsal and caudal score note (P>0.05). Drinking saline water increased Triglyceride and cholesterol concentration on 30 days after weaning as well as uric acid concentration (P<0.05) and decreased creatinine concentration on 90 days (P<0.05). However, glucose, total protein, urea and ɤ-GT concentration (P>0.05). The hemoglobin concentration and the hemotocrite were slightly lower for S-lambs compared to control lambs (P<0.05). However, the rest of hematological blood parameters were no affected by drinking saline water for weaned lambs (P>0.05). Weaned lambs had a respiratory rate during early weaning (day 0 and 30 of experimental period) higher than C-lambs (P<0.05). Moreover, any changes had noted in rectal temperature and pulse rates under saline water stress (P>0.05). Besides, inclusion of 10g of salt in fresh potable water did not affect water and feed intakes compared with C-lambs (P>0.05). Lambs drinking water containing 10% NaCI suffered no ill effects. The mean digestibility coefficient of the hay diet dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) consumed were 52.8 and 59.4 g/kg % DM respectively for both treatment groups (p>0.05). Addition of high salt level to potable water did not improve the digestibility coefficients neural and acid detergent fibe (NDF and ADF). Only, the low crude protein (CP) content of 47.7 g/kg was observed for S-lambs resulted in the drinking saline water. Intakes of salt were associated with increase urine excretion (P<0.05). Urine excretion of animals drink high salt water was 2.97 times higher than in the control. Consequently, retention of nitrogen was higher for the saline water group than in the potable water group treatments. One-third of the dietary nitrogen was excreted in the faeces and two-thirds in the urine. Urinary-N tended to decrease in high salt group and the retained-N was consequently increased (P<0.05). During the experiment the weaned lambs maintained live weight, as well as, daily feed and water intakes.
Hina Ashraf Waiz
Rajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal Science
India
Title: Backyard poultry farming in Ganderbal district of Kashmir, India
Biography:
Dr. Hina Ashraf Waiz has completed her M.V.Sc degree at the age of 25 from Sher-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology ,Kashmir,India.She has worked in Wollo University Ethiopia ,Africa for two years as lecturer.She has served various government institutions for 5 years.Presently she is working as Assistant Professor in department of Livestock Production Management at College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,Udaipur Campus (Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences) India and persuing PhD from the same university.she has published more than 15 plus papers in reputed journals
Abstract:
This study is based on the premise that promotion poultry farming can help the state to bridge the gap between demand and supply of eggs and poultry meat as well as generate self employment to reduce poverty and empower rural women. Since time immemorial backyard poultry farming has played an important role to meet the domestic as well as socio-cultural needs of the rural people. However, the traditional poultry farming in villages has suffered in the wake of commercialization in the recent years. Thus, the present study had been conceptualized with the overall objective to search out the existing status of backyard poultry farming and identify the constraints perceived by poultry owners in Ganderbal district of Kashmir, India. The study was conducted in randomly selected fifteen villages of three sub-regions of Ganderbal district of Kashmir Data were collected through a structured interview schedule from 240 respondents i.e., 80 each from the three sub-regions. The analysis of data revealed that respondents were predominantly young had low level of education belonged to Muslim religion and were from the general caste category with medium sized nuclear family. Agricultural labor was the major occupation; they had marginal land and medium livestock holding with more than 7 years of poultry farming experience. The average flock size was 8 birds and they reared birds in free-range/backyard system with little supplementary feeding. The production level was very low. Natural hatching was the main source of chicks. No systematic care was taken with regard to the diseases and vaccination of the birds was also not carried out in any of the villages surveyed. Direct marketing was prevalent in the study area although middlemen also existed. The major constraints identified were high incidence of poultry diseases, lack of suitable germ-plasm and attack by predators.